Common Elvish: Difference between revisions
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The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE-'' from ''qia-'' "to see"... | The root ''QUE-'' "speech" descends from Adamic ''-q-f-l-'' "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form ''qua-''. The root ''KHÚ-'' "dog" derives from ''hū-'' "to bark". The root ''LÁ-'' from ''lā-'' "to use the tongue". ''KHE-'' from ''qia-'' "to see"... | ||
To form the singular, for any pure root ending in a consonant, one merely adds ''-u'' [Adamic ''-u''] if the root is DARK, otherwise ''-a''. | |||
:''ALF-'' "human / elf" > '' | :''ALF-'' "human / elf" > ''alba'' "human / elf" | ||
:''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death" | :''NÚR-'' "death" > ''núru'' "death" | ||
| Line 127: | Line 127: | ||
:''eá'' "to be" (canonic ''ā- "to be") | :''eá'' "to be" (canonic ''ā- "to be") | ||
: ''il | : ''il alba eri hú'' "the man is a dog" (Adamic ''avâla iru kufán'', Canonic ''vāh hu'') | ||
:''il | :''il alba firi'' "the man is dead" (Adamic ''avâla murá-su'', Canonic ''vāh muris'') | ||
The construct state: | The construct state: | ||
| Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
''hul'' > ''húo''<br> | ''hul'' > ''húo''<br> | ||
''qul'' > ''quele''<br> | ''qul'' > ''quele''<br> | ||
DARK hú "dog" | |||
BRIGHT alba "human" | |||
==Sound Laws== | ==Sound Laws== | ||
| Line 221: | Line 224: | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
=== | ==Black Speech== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Revision as of 04:29, 29 December 2024
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Common Elvish is ...
Introduction
History
- /m/ before /i/ > /f/
Ex: murá "dead" > fira "dead" (PHIR-)
Ex: hūlá "fiery" > níra
Ilfira
The root for "death" has a nominal stem (NÚR-) and an adjectival stem (PHIR-)
núru "death"
maur > NÚR-
fira
il- "not/un-" (Adamic al)
ilfirin
Phonology
Vowel inventory Consonant inventory Syllable structure Stress Intonation
-->
Orthography
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
The root QUE- "speech" descends from Adamic -q-f-l- "speech", or more specifically, from its canonic verbal form qua-. The root KHÚ- "dog" derives from hū- "to bark". The root LÁ- from lā- "to use the tongue". KHE- from qia- "to see"...
To form the singular, for any pure root ending in a consonant, one merely adds -u [Adamic -u] if the root is DARK, otherwise -a.
- ALF- "human / elf" > alba "human / elf"
- NÚR- "death" > núru "death"
If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding -le (canonic -l). If the last vowel is u, however, one adds -o [Adamic -u] instead.
- QUE- > quele "sound"
- HÚ- > húo "dog"
If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in -a (Adamic -a') and one active in -ë.
- QUE- + -n- [verbal affix] > quenda "speech" / quendë "speaker"
The definite article is i(l) (fusion of Canonic -l with Adamic iru), which is invariable.
- i húo "the dog"
- i hý "the dogs"
The personal pronouns:
- ni "I", me "we"
- tye "you (sin.) (familiar)" / lye "you (sin.) (formal)", rye "you (plu.)"
- (s)e "he/she", sa "it", heli "they", hilar "they"
The copula:
- eá "to be" (canonic ā- "to be")
- il alba eri hú "the man is a dog" (Adamic avâla iru kufán, Canonic vāh hu)
- il alba firi "the man is dead" (Adamic avâla murá-su, Canonic vāh muris)
The construct state:
- hú il elbi "the man's dog"
LÁ- > lámba "tongue", lámbë "language" *irregular extension; compare gásca "throat" ULU- "to pour" from hua- "to moisten" lunda "flood", lundë "rain" hendë, hendi "eye, eyes" húa (acc.) quen "I speak" Quendar, quendi ni ben, embë bemmë ae bes, lye berrë il beli, endë belembar e-i [3p] Sound change: /i/ > /e/, /u/ > /i/ [not used in canonic forms] Reduxtion:
Death: NÚR- (n.), PHIR- (adj.), (NGÚ-)
Sound: QUE- (n.), HIR- (adj.), BE- (
ben "I speak", bet "you speak", bes "he/she speaks"
vāl > alfu
hul > húo
qul > quele
DARK hú "dog" BRIGHT alba "human"
Sound Laws
Common Elvish
- If two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.
EX: Adamic vāl "person" and vār "people" become alf (not *falf) and elbi.
- Assimilation:
- Harmony: [a > e > i] or [i > e > a]
- Mutation: consonants extend grade until there is only one.
m/n + p -mb [extension of p]
m/n + t -nd [extension of t]
r/l + f -lb [extension of l]
r/l + c -rd [extension of r]
r/l + m = -lm [extension of m]
r/l + n = -rn [extension of n]
- /s/ and /d/ can only happen before /a/, and if the opposite were to happen, the nucleus would be dropped.
alba "people" [alf, elbi] arda "things" [arc, irida] alma "high faculties" [a, elmi] arna "emotions, sensations" [an, erni] amba "time" [amf, embi] anda "space" [anc, inida] - endar "land", arni "lands" embal "celestial body", ambeli...
NA > ni [0], nae [1] alba enir ni, pe, ae MA NA PA TA LA RA - ALBA ARDA AMBA ANDA ALMA ARNA
iru > eri > ere anu > ni