Swyr/Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

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<poem>
<poem>
Now to derive Schnüher from Old Cobhodham
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, sjə̤jl, tʰwəm, fwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
coda -l deleted
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, fwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
-wC, -jC simplify to -C
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, fwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
f- > h-
ha:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S


fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̤jl, tʰwəm, vwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
no...
uhh what should be done with sll these f-'s?
f- doesn't sound sino korean
I might eliminate mutations from Schnüher
I might get something like 안 대 서 for "The Schnüher language"
if I do schm, schn > xw, sj like OC > MC
2 hours ago
well there's a problem
elves live much longer lives than humans
so that should slow down language change
and something like Cobhodham will be impossible
f->h in Schnüher!
as in Japanese
pre-Schnüher
ha:m, djə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̀jl, tʰwəm, hwɨwt, ljə̀:t, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
final t = -ᆮ, -ᆺ or -ᆻ?
함', 뎧, 녘', ᄆᆍᆯ, ᅀᅤᆯ, 퉘, ᄒᆍᆮ, 렽', 폎, 껴'
i used final -h for breathy tone
t+h->tʰ, p+h->pʰ etc.
what's the apostrophe
sorry 3 is 녁' (not breathy)
glottalization?
long vowels
it's right after the vowel!
Hangul is something that could easily be invented in a parallel universe
yes
yes


the consonants at least
vowel shift?
 
actually Vrūszka should use something like that
final -l > nothing?
 
i thought final l -> l
final -l > -j or -w?
final -t > -l
 
does sino-korean have final -t?
nope
 
so t->l and l->w
maybe not
-l > -j/-w/-0
maybe depending on the vowel
 
l/jl/wl->w/j/w
 
thoughts?
l > -0
-jl > j
wl > w
 
yes
yes
monophthongization!
ha:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mu:, sje: (breathy), tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S


so -l -> -Ø always
at least 4 is not mul smile emoticon
i wanted cobhodham to be more like mandarin actually
i can't bother tracking vowel length in korean
 
it's not phonemic for me
so no -l's?
in the nuclei
i'm thinking -wl, -jl > -l
and -wn, -jn > -n
in cobhodham
 
so you'll get lots of -l's
 
no
no to what?
 
lots of -l's in Schnüher
i'm talking about cobhodham
 
what about all final consonants->l in Schnüher:-D
in cobhodham:
-wC, -jC > -C
 
that changes the whole story
 
4 becomes mwɨl
so that cobhodham can have more mandarin-like nuclei
and final -Vw, -Vj > just -Vbh, -Vigh
yesterday's version of cobhodham would be a lot like schnueher with the monophthongizations
koreans monophthongize all -j, -w codas
in their sino words
 
and clicks grin emoticon
except ㅢ?
so dae might correspond to dai
 
what's an example?
 
ũi?
kaw > 고
'high'
while mandarin: gāo
love: MC ʔoj > Sino-Korean ae, Mandarin ài
 
i was asking for an example of ũi
 
btw Schnüher could simply use Hangul linearly instead of in syllable blocks


with double vowels instead of long vowels
well you told me it is a few days ago grin emoticon
it seems like ㅢ is a different thing
it isn't phonemic for many, many people
it only occurs with a null initial
so vowel length just disappears
one example is 'rely': MC ʔjɨj > SK ũi


있다 should be a word in Eomuji
could it cause a tone split?
ista or itta


ista!
as in Cuatham, but a different one
or should i use /ihta/ as the pronunciation for ista?
let's make the long vowels high or rising tones


ihta is like fake finnish
so high, mid, low and rising
i could use <tt> = /ht/


tt=t’
low could be falling
instead of t'
low < breathy
as in cuatham


i'd just go with ejectives
high, mid, falling, rising


reminds me of some pronunciation guides that say that consonants like ᄄ are ejectives
there should also be -ht- clusters
(i've seen a few)
as in nõhta
or no
nõhda*
well if you do have words like nõhda it'll become fake finno-estonian tongue emoticon
neohda
even that's not latin enough
so for example, neoh + da > neota? (as in ordinary Korean)
or neotha?
-hd- is a tricky cluster for a lot of people
Neotha is good
or even neohda -> neoda? neorda?
I can't think of any languages that have -hd- that are not Slavic or Finnic
i like 좋다 'good': johda > jotha
좋다 is a korean word
I guess Old Korean had it grin emoticon
maybe
or they're just writing the underlying stem + ending as they do a lot in korean
ph, th, jh, kh should be clusters
well if you stick "johda" in a conlang they'll definitely think it's fake Finnic and say 요ᄒ다
i'll just go with jotha
seviyeoreum
Like "Nehtait härvä"
yes
you can stick "johda" in Unfinnish
yes
yes


i should make a turkish-korean hybrid where "yeoreum" is the present tense
mid could be slightly mid falling
yes, -ss- occurs in some affixes that are derived from issta
in korean
f > h: yes, good we need some h's in Schnueher
ha:m, djə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, zjə̀jl, tʰwəm, hwɨwt, ljə̀:t, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
 
then what about l's?
 
ha:m, djə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨw, zjə̀j, tʰwəm, hwɨwl, ljə̀:l, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
yes


let's actually make final -l retroflex grin emoticon
falling = high falling
yes


ha:m, djə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨw, zjə̀j, tʰwəm, hwɨwɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
so it's like upside down Mandarin
then tj > tS, dj > dZ
pj, bj > p b


really?
or maybe not
or maybe not
pyo, pyeong, pyeon sorry


we need ᅧ's
vowel length should just disappear
but there are no tyV seqs in sino korean
ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤t, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S
they're all chV's and jV's
 
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨw, zjə̀j, tʰwəm, hwɨwɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
similarly for sj, zj > s, z
z > s
 
really?
 
are there no sj's in sino-korean?
 
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̀j (or sə̀j?), tʰwəm, hwɨwɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
yes, no sj's
in older korean there were a lot of them even in native affixes
so hasjosjə > hasosə
 
so there was an sj-s merger
 
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sə̀j, tʰwəm, hwɨwɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
now's a good time to monophthongize
 
yes!
 
aj/aw/əj/əw/ɨj/ɨw -> ?
ae, o, e, u, i, u
 
johda grin emoticon
we say joha usually in casual speech
that's the casual register
 
what's the formal one?
 
anyway,
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mwu, sə̀j, tʰwəm, hwuɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
 
what happens to long vowels?
 
do you want to keep them?
wu > u, u > eu?
maybe that should be conditioned
eu never occurs after labials
and never in open syllables
so ɨ > i?


t->ɭ
yes
yes
l- > ɾ-


u->eu except after labials and in open syllables when it's u
wu->u
겨 only occurs in native korean strangely enough
what does it mean?
겨 = chaff, grain husk
so it'll be Korean gib (not necessarily sino)
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mu, sə̀j, tʰwəm, huɭ, ljə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
sino-korean has a lot of weird distributions as I said earlier
initial l's drop
should they?
initial in prosodic units!
so does prosodic unit-inital nj > j
so 8 will sound like 10 grin emoticon
or i could keep them as in north korean sino words
e.g. rodong 'labor'
i'll do the north korean thing
initial l->ɾ
yes
yes
ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hwɨɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S


what about initial r-?
?
merger
with inital l
 
or should it become h-?
yes


since it's uvular
is that a korean diphthong?
that should become something else
as it's not a korean diphthong


so there's an r-f merger! grin emoticon
a
or wa


ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mu, sə̀j, tʰwəm, huɭ, ɾjə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S
grin emoticon
should voiced and voiceless stops merge?
what about wɨ > ə or wə?


at the beginning
wɨ -> we
maybe there should be no mutations


b- sounds like pʰ- but -b- and -pʰ- are distinct
i'm talking about b-/p-
nope
 
e + any final doesn't sound sino-korean
no
> o?
maybe p- should merge iwth ph\
into ph
 
p- should be separate
no....
that's really un-sino-korean!
 
really?
did you propose p- > pp-?
 
well it could happen in the middle
pp-, tt-, kk- don't occur in sino words
ssang 'double' and ssi 'surname, an honorific' are exceptions
there are rules governing tensing of consonants word-medially
 
well, let's just merge p- and ph-
 
and also b- phrase-initially
silje 'real, real-life' > pronounced siljje
 
and i forgot sʰ
 
ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mu, sʰə̀j, tʰwəm, huɭ, ɾjə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kjə:-S


sorry
i think consonants always tense after -l
ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S
in sino-korean


ha:m, dʒə̀-S, njə:k, mu, sʰə̀j, tʰwəm, huɭ, ɾjə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kʰjə:-S
no, that's 7


so it's like not having séimhiú
8 should be 렯
ha:m, dʒə̀, njə:k, mu, sʰè, tʰwəm, huɭ, ɾjə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kʰjə:
final ㅂ = breathy tone?
there shouldn't be mutations in schnueher


that would be confusing
it could be one way
so no gender
that wouldn't work tho
for open syllables
some more initial simplification


the only obvious non-korean thing i notice is long vowels
it's normally h but 렯 for 8 is an exception
korean does have long vowels
hahaha
I see what you did there
여덟
tj-, !j-, sj > tɕ-, |-, s-
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S
kjə doesn't looks sino-korean
kje? ki? ka?


what's an example?
-wəm doesn't sound sino-korean


maybe they're just not written out
what about khjə?
they aren't written out
nââââeeeuw
and many speakers don't have lenght distinctions


so we can keep them
why?
beol 'punishment' has a short vowel while beol 'bee' has a long one
idea: schnueher could be the sino-korean jokelang
that has all the missing syllables that should be there


can native Korean words have -wəm?
켜다 • (kyeoda) (infinitive 켜어, sequential 켜니)
(…을) To light an oil lamp or candle; strike a match or lighter  [quotations ▼]
(…을) To turn something on  [quotations ▼]
but it's not sino
that's why
yeo, nyeo, ryeo, jeo, cheo are sino
not byeo or gyeo
maybe I should palatalize kj
nope
nope
effectively no
i need things like gye
 
and gyo (as in hakgyo 'school')
what about -wəm -> -um?


or -wə?
that's not schnueher tongue emoticon
-wəm > -əm?
what about
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S


tʰəm
strange, 엄, 검, 섬, 험 does occur in sino korean
ha:m, dʒə̀, njə:k, mu, sʰè, tʰəm, huɭ, ɾjə̀:ɭ, pʰjə̀p, kʰjə:
but 덤 does not
that's great for gib then!
함. 저, 녁, 무, 세, 텀 (?), 훌 (?), 렬, 폅 (?), 켜 (?)
(?) = words of doubtful sino-korean aesthetics
렬 is very sino-korean like emoticon
함, 젛, 녁', 무, 셓, 덤, 훌, 렳', 폎, 켜'
OTOH 엽, 협, 겹, 접 < 뎝, 섭 < 셥 are allowed
so why not 볍/폅?!?
so many things about sino-korean are so arbitrary
sorry 함'
that's weird
like why is "xiāi" not a Mandarin word
because -iai is not a valid rime in mandarin
not having 폅 is odd grin emoticon
sino-korean words beginning with aspirated /kh/ are rare
함', 젛, 녁', 무, 셓, 덤, 훌, 렳', 폎, 켜'
it seems that korean did not have phonemic aspiration at the time sino words were borrowed en masse
i'm using -h for breathy tone, so 렳'
ㅎ final in sino-korean is weird unsure emoticon
does it appear in native words?
stem-finally but not word finally
like?
닿-다 'to touch (involuntarily)', 놓-다 'to put', 좋-다 'good'
i meant final -lh sorry
final -h is always replaced with something else in pronunciation
that is it causes sandhi
닳다 'wear out'
tʰaltʰa?
yes, tʰàltʰa
i'm happy with Schnüher
mya, myaC, kya, kyaC are not in sino-korean either
really no Cya or CyaC
except ya or yaC
what happens to initial ŧ?
it's kept as a click!
!열
/!jəɭ/
/|əɭ/
since we're talking about clicky sinosphere gibs, i need clickjapanese numbers
1: chime
2: waso
3: !xato
4: hawake
5: !omai
sorry !xomai
6: futsuri
7: ke!xun
8: !xorachi
9: hazura
10: tsuine
Cya or CyaC >  C'a or C'aC
where C' = C when C != d, t or dental click
and C palatalizes to ts or | otherwise
11: washiku
12: !xira
13: !xiraechime
14: !xiraewaso
so !영 > |엉
24: wasoishi
36: !xatoishi
!양 > |앙
yes
but pya -> pa
yes
yes
tʰwəm doesn't sound sino-korean either
what do you mean 퉘


132: washikuishi
thəm?
 
what about wə > wa first
144: sejifu
 
or seg!xifu
 
145: seg!xifu e chime
 
1728: harotsu
 
20736: keitai
 
inflection can be the indo-european type
 
with nouns
 
let's say "hata" = man
i'll use x for /!/ and q for /|/
gx and gq for the voiced counterparts


not "c"?
thwam
in schnueher
then what about 권 as in 태권도
c is used in ch /tsh/
but under that assumption
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S


there's a problem
use quell
syllables that are -wol, -won in sino-korean are things like -jwet, -jwen in middle chinese


use !x and !q
anyway
then wa > a after labials and coronals
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S


so it's clear that they're not the Xhosa values
isn't it a giblang so you can use nonexistent syllables?
yes
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S
so !qeol
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, gə-S
/|jəɭ/
함, 저, 녁, 무, 세, 탐, 홀, 렬, 볍 (not in sino-korean), 거
sorry
/|əɭ/
</poem>
</poem>

Revision as of 21:10, 28 October 2015

Not to be confused with Schwünter.

fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨwl, sjə̤jl, tʰwəm, fwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
coda -l deleted
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, fwɨwt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
-wC, -jC simplify to -C
fa:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, fwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S
f- > h-
ha:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mwɨw, sjə̤j, tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S

yes

vowel shift?
yes
monophthongization!
ha:m, djə̤-S, njə:k, mu:, sje: (breathy), tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤:t, pʰjə̤p, kjə:-S

at least 4 is not mul smile emoticon
i can't bother tracking vowel length in korean
it's not phonemic for me

well you told me it is a few days ago grin emoticon
it isn't phonemic for many, many people
so vowel length just disappears

could it cause a tone split?

as in Cuatham, but a different one
let's make the long vowels high or rising tones

so high, mid, low and rising

low could be falling
low < breathy
as in cuatham

high, mid, falling, rising

yes

mid could be slightly mid falling

falling = high falling

so it's like upside down Mandarin

or maybe not

vowel length should just disappear
ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hwɨt, ljə̤t, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S

t->ɭ
yes
l- > ɾ-

yes
ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hwɨɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S

wɨ?

is that a korean diphthong?
that should become something else
as it's not a korean diphthong

a
or wa

grin emoticon
what about wɨ > ə or wə?

wɨ -> we


nope
e + any final doesn't sound sino-korean
wɨ > o?


ham, djə̤-S, njək, mu, sje̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S

no, that's 7

8 should be 렯
final ㅂ = breathy tone?

it could be one way
that wouldn't work tho
for open syllables
some more initial simplification

it's normally h but 렯 for 8 is an exception
hahaha
I see what you did there
여덟
tj-, !j-, sj > tɕ-, |-, s-
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kjə-S
kjə doesn't looks sino-korean
kje? ki? ka?



what about khjə?
nââââeeeuw

why?
idea: schnueher could be the sino-korean jokelang
that has all the missing syllables that should be there

켜다 • (kyeoda) (infinitive 켜어, sequential 켜니)
(…을) To light an oil lamp or candle; strike a match or lighter [quotations ▼]
(…을) To turn something on [quotations ▼]
but it's not sino
that's why
yeo, nyeo, ryeo, jeo, cheo are sino
not byeo or gyeo
maybe I should palatalize kj
nope
i need things like gye
and gyo (as in hakgyo 'school')

that's not schnueher tongue emoticon
what about
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwəm, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S

yes
tʰwəm doesn't sound sino-korean either
what do you mean 퉘

thəm?
what about wə > wa first

thwam
then what about 권 as in 태권도
but under that assumption
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰwam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S

use quell
syllables that are -wol, -won in sino-korean are things like -jwet, -jwen in middle chinese

anyway
then wa > a after labials and coronals
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S

isn't it a giblang so you can use nonexistent syllables?
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, kə-S
ham, dʑə̤-S, njək, mu, se̤, tʰam, hoɭ, ɾjə̤ɭ, pʰjə̤p, gə-S
함, 저, 녁, 무, 세, 탐, 홀, 렬, 볍 (not in sino-korean), 거