Nurian: Difference between revisions
m (→Numbers) |
m (→Numbers) |
||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
*12: pirdь /ˈpʲɪɖ/ (Zutarl pirdi) | *12: pirdь /ˈpʲɪɖ/ (Zutarl pirdi) | ||
*144: rtarthь /ˈʈɐʂ/ | *144: rtarthь /ˈʈɐʂ/ | ||
*1728: | *1728: ūbyc /ˈu:bɪk/ | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Revision as of 20:47, 10 November 2015
Nurian is a Talsmic language descending from Themsarian. It is spoken alongside Zutarlic languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian.
Numbers
- 1: cēm /ˈt͡ɕæːm/
- 2: tiħōr /tʲɪˈħoːr/
- 3: nargь /ˈnɐrʲd͡ʑ/
- 4: dhaofь /ˈðoːfʲ/
- 5: salithь /ˈsɐlʲɪsʲ/
- 6: stām /ˈstɑːm/
- 7: rōdь /ˈroːdʲ/
- 8: lorethь /ˈlorʲɛsʲ/
- 9: farv /ˈfɐrʲvʲ/
- 10: ħiorь /ˈħorʲ/
- 11: cēmara /ˈt͡ɕæːmɐrɐ/ (< Themsarian cēmiħioré, influenced by Zutarl emarra)
- 12: pirdь /ˈpʲɪɖ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
- 144: rtarthь /ˈʈɐʂ/
- 1728: ūbyc /ˈu:bɪk/
Phonology
Arabo-Hiberno-Lithuanian
Consonants
Nurian has many consonants in hard-soft pairs, similar to Lithuanian and Slavic; however, many consonants (namely retroflexes, radicals, h and j) cannot palatalize.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Radical | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | |||||||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n̪ | nʲ | ɳ | ɲ~ɲ̄ | ŋ | |||||
| Stop /Affricate |
tenuis | p | pʲ | t̪ | tʲ | ʈ | tɕ | k | ||||
| voiced | b | bʲ | d̪ | dʲ | ɖ | dʑ | g | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | fʲ | θ | s | sʲ | ʂ | ɕ | x | ħ | h | |
| voiced | v | vʲ | ð | z | zʲ | ʑ | ɣ | ʕ | ||||
| Trill | r | rʲ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | central | ɻ | ||||||||||
| lateral | ɫ | lʲ | ɭ | |||||||||
| Grapheme | m | p | b | f | v | n | t | d | th | dh | s | z | r | l | rn | rt | rd | rs, rth | rdh | rl | ng | c | g | ch | gh | ħ | ȝ | h | j |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | /m/ | /p/ | /b/ | /f/ | /v/ | /n/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /s/ | /z/ | /r/ | /ɫ/ | /ɳ/ | /ʈ/ | /ɖ/ | /ʂ/ | /ɻ/ | /ɭ/ | /ŋ/ | /k/ | /ɡ/ | /x/ | /ɣ/ | /ħ/ | /ʕ/ | /h/ | silent |
| Soft | /mʲ/ | /pʲ/ | /bʲ/ | /fʲ/ | /vʲ/ | /nʲ/ | /tʲ/ | /dʲ/ | /sʲ/ | /zʲ/ | /sʲ/ | /zʲ/ | /rʲ/ | /lʲ/ | /ɲ/ | /t͡ɕ/ | /d͡ʑ/ | /ɕ/ | /ʑ/ |
Word-final soft consonants use a soft sign ь.
Vowels
The spelling to the left is the "hard" vowel, and the spelling to the right indicates its "soft" counterpart. Both spellings are used after retroflexes and radicals, which cannot palatalize.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | y, i /ɪ~ɪ̞/ | ȳ, ī /iː/ | u, iu /ʊ/ | ū, iū /uː/ | ||
| Mid | o, io /o/ | ao/ō, iō /oː/ | ||||
| Open | ia/e [ɛ] | ae, ē /æː/ | a /ɐ/ | ā, iā /ɑː/ | ||
Diphthongs: ai, iai /ɐɪ/ au, iau /ɐʊ/
Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
ia and e both represent [ɛ], the allophone of /ɐ/ after palatalized consonants.
Grammar
Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.