Verse:Hmøøh/Whehli: Difference between revisions
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===Laryngeal loss=== | ===Laryngeal loss=== | ||
*x-, ħ-, | *x-, ħ-, xʷ- > e-, a-, o- | ||
In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong. | In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong. | ||
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*aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o: | *aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o: | ||
====h3==== | ====h3==== | ||
Let ''V'' be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let ''q : V → V'' denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given ''v'' ∈ ''V'', the reflex of ''v'' | Let ''V'' be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let ''q : V → V'' denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given ''v'' ∈ ''V'', the reflex of ''v''xʷ''v'' equals ''q''(''v′'')xʷ''q''(''v′'') = ''q''(''v′xv′''), where ''v′'' denotes ''q''(''v''): | ||
* | *axʷa exʷa ixʷa oxʷa uxʷa > a: ä: e: å: o: | ||
* | *axʷe exʷe ixʷe oxʷe uxʷe > ä: e: i: o: o: | ||
* | *axʷi exʷi ixʷi oxʷi uxʷi > e: i: i: o: u: | ||
* | *axʷo exʷo ixʷo oxʷo uxʷo > å: o: u: o: u: | ||
* | *axʷu exʷu ixʷu oxʷu uxʷu > o: o: u: u: u: | ||
* | *axʷC exʷC ixʷC oxʷC uxʷC > å: e: i: o: u: | ||
===Overlong diphthongs=== | ===Overlong diphthongs=== | ||
Revision as of 22:00, 22 November 2015
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | |
| voiced | b | d | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | θ s ɬ | ||
| voiced | ð z ɮ | |||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |
| Trill | r | |||
Vowels
- a e i o u
- a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
- a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
- ai au ei eu oi ou
- a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
Sound changes
Diphthongs simplify before laryngeals
Before x or xʷ
Let X be a one of x and xʷ. Then:
- aiX > eX
- auX > oX
- eiX > iX
- euX > oX
- oiX > eX
- ouX > uX
- a:iX > a:X
- a:uX > a:X
- e:iX > e:X
- e:uX > e:X
- o:uX > o:X
- o:iX > o:X
Before ħ
- aiħ > aħ
- eiħ > eħ
- euħ > eħ
- oiħ > oħ
- ouħ > oħ
- a:iħ > a:ħ
- a:uħ > a:ħ
- e:iħ > e:ħ
- e:uħ > e:ħ
- o:uħ > o:ħ
- o:iħ > o:ħ
Laryngeal loss
- x-, ħ-, xʷ- > e-, a-, o-
In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong.
h1
- axa exa ixa oxa uxa > a: ä: e: å: o:
- axe exe ixe oxe uxe > ä: e: i: e: i:
- axi exi ixi oxi uxi > e: i: i: e: i:
- axo exo ixo oxo uxo > å: e: e: o: u:
- axu exu ixu oxu uxu > o: e: i: u: u:
- axC exC ixC oxC uxC > ä: e: i: o: u:
h2
- aħa eħa iħa oħa uħa > a: a: ä: a: å:
- aħe eħe iħe oħe uħe > a: ä: e: ä: e:
- aħi eħi iħi oħi uħi > ä: e: e: ä: e:
- aħo eħo iħo oħo uħo > a: ä: ä: å: o:
- aħu eħu iħu oħu uħu > å: ä: e: o: o:
- aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o:
h3
Let V be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let q : V → V denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given v ∈ V, the reflex of vxʷv equals q(v′)xʷq(v′) = q(v′xv′), where v′ denotes q(v):
- axʷa exʷa ixʷa oxʷa uxʷa > a: ä: e: å: o:
- axʷe exʷe ixʷe oxʷe uxʷe > ä: e: i: o: o:
- axʷi exʷi ixʷi oxʷi uxʷi > e: i: i: o: u:
- axʷo exʷo ixʷo oxʷo uxʷo > å: o: u: o: u:
- axʷu exʷu ixʷu oxʷu uxʷu > o: o: u: u: u:
- axʷC exʷC ixʷC oxʷC uxʷC > å: e: i: o: u:
Overlong diphthongs
- a::i a::u e::i i::u e::u o::i o::u u::i > a:: a:: e:: i:: e:: o:: o:: u::
The resulting vowel system is:
- a e i o u
- a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
- a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
- ai au ei eu oi ou
- a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
Last changes common to all T-Talsmic languages
- kʷ gʷ > ts dz > t d
- k g > tʃ dʒ > s z
- rk > rt
Parody Quenya
- ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
- f > þ
- þ > s
- ł > hy
- p > kw > ty
- b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
- rb, lb > rd, ld
- lz > ld
- d > r
- mb > ngw > ndy
- m > ny
- rw, lw > rr, ll