Toki Ike: Difference between revisions
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cbhfém, tingór, nach, laubh, taling, thám, róth, loeth, phachbhf, qhedhór (?) | cbhfém, tingór, nach, laubh, taling, thám, róth, loeth, phachbhf, qhedhór (?) | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | |||
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of reconstructed Proto-Kammalic: | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''Proto-Kammalic consonants''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 136px; "| | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Labial | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Dental | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Retroflex | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; " |Palatal | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 136px; " |Velar | |||
|- | |||
! style="width:68px;" |<small>plain</small> | |||
! style="width:68px;" |<small>labialized</small> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| '''rn''' /ɲ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| '''ngbhf''' /ŋʷ/ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>plain</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p~b/ | |||
| '''t''' /t~d/ | |||
| '''rt''' /ʈ~ɖ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k~g/ | |||
| '''cbhf''' /kʷ~gʷ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>ejective</small> | |||
| '''ph''' /pʼ/ | |||
| '''th''' /tʼ/ | |||
| '''rth''' /ʈʼ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ch''' /kʼ/ | |||
| '''chbhf''' /kʷʼ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Trill | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| '''bhf''' /w/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| | |||
| '''dh''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==Composition== | ==Composition== | ||
Revision as of 01:48, 4 December 2015
s, ł > h
z > 0
λ > l
c c' > t t'
ƛ ƛ' > c c'
k q > k, kw qw > kw
i have these + a table of assimilations
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t
Numbers
cbhfém, tingór, nach, laubh, taling, thám, róth, loeth, phachbhf, qhedhór (?)
Phonology
Consonants
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of reconstructed Proto-Kammalic:
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | labialized | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | rn /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ngbhf /ŋʷ/ | ||
| Plosive | plain | p /p~b/ | t /t~d/ | rt /ʈ~ɖ/ | c /k~g/ | cbhf /kʷ~gʷ/ | |
| ejective | ph /pʼ/ | th /tʼ/ | rth /ʈʼ/ | ch /kʼ/ | chbhf /kʷʼ/ | ||
| Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | bhf /w/ | l /l/ | dh /j/ | ||||
Composition
one descendant will turn them into geminates and another turns them into ejectives
and some with both geminates and ejectivs
and one outlier with fricatives! (via grimm's law: p' > p, p > f)