Toki Ike: Difference between revisions
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***Pseudo-Arabic | ***Pseudo-Arabic | ||
***Pseudo-Somali | ***Pseudo-Somali | ||
***Hmoob pseudo-gib (Poly-literal-Hmoob?) | |||
**Both geminates and ejectives | **Both geminates and ejectives | ||
***Finno-Bantu | ***Finno-Bantu | ||
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****Pseudo-Tamil | ****Pseudo-Tamil | ||
****plain > voiced; ejective > voiceless | ****plain > voiced; ejective > voiceless | ||
*****Primitive Terg pseudo-gib | *****Primitive Terg pseudo-gib | ||
**Outlier branch with fricatives and syncope | **Outlier branch with fricatives and syncope | ||
Revision as of 13:18, 14 December 2015
Historical phonology
s, ł > h
z > 0
l > ɭ
λ > l
ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
k kw > k, q qw > q
i have these + a table of assimilations
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t
Finnishy subfamily
ay > ää
ey > ee
ew, oi > öö
iw, uy > üü
aw > åå
ow > oo
Numbers
kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)
Phonology
Consonants
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | rn /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ~ɴ/ | |||
| Plosive | plain | p /p~b/ | t /t~d/ | rt /ʈ~ɖ/ | k /k~g/ | q /q~ɢ/ | |
| ejective | pʼ /pʼ/ | tʼ /tʼ/ | rtʼ /ʈʼ/ | kʼ /kʼ/ | qʼ /qʼ/ | ||
| Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | rl /ɭ/ | y /j/ | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e~ə/ | ē /eː/ | o /o/ | ō /oː/ | ||
| Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ | ||||
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa
Composition
- Proto-Kammalic
- Geminates > ejectives
- ejective > creaky voice > tone
- p p' > b p, generic south american gib
- Pseudo-Quechua
- Salish/Spittem parody
- Pseudo-Arabic
- Pseudo-Somali
- Hmoob pseudo-gib (Poly-literal-Hmoob?)
- Both geminates and ejectives
- Finno-Bantu
- Ejectives > geminates
- Estonian parody
- Hyper-minlang
- Pseudo-Inuit
- Pseudo-Tamil
- plain > voiced; ejective > voiceless
- Primitive Terg pseudo-gib
- Outlier branch with fricatives and syncope
- Polish-esque: m n ń; p t cz /tS/ k; f þ s sz /S/ h; r l w /v/ j
- Kammalic^2: Fricatives lost again!
- Geminates > ejectives
Grammar
Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs