Toki Ike: Difference between revisions
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***Pseudo-Arabic | ***Pseudo-Arabic | ||
***Pseudo-Somali | ***Pseudo-Somali | ||
**Both geminates and ejectives | **Both geminates and ejectives | ||
***Finno-Bantu | ***Finno-Bantu | ||
***Primitive Terg pseudo-gib | ***Primitive Terg pseudo-gib | ||
**** | ****Hmooby-Doo | ||
***Ejectives > geminates | ***Ejectives > geminates | ||
****Estonian parody | ****Estonian parody |
Revision as of 20:24, 15 December 2015
Historical phonology
s, ł > h
z > 0
l > ɭ
λ > l
ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
k kw > k, q qw > q
sp > p'
Consonant assimilations similar to Pali
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t
Finnishy subfamily
ay > ää
ey > ee
ew, oi > öö
iw, uy > üü
aw > åå
ow > oo
Numbers
kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)
Phonology
Consonants
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:
Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | rn /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ~ɴ/ | |||
Plosive | plain | p /p~b/ | t /t~d/ | rt /ʈ~ɖ/ | k /k~g/ | q /q~ɢ/ | |
ejective | pʼ /pʼ/ | tʼ /tʼ/ | rtʼ /ʈʼ/ | kʼ /kʼ/ | qʼ /qʼ/ | ||
Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | rl /ɭ/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
Close-mid | e /e~ə/ | ē /eː/ | o /o/ | ō /oː/ | ||
Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ |
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa
Composition
- Proto-Kammalic
- Geminates > ejectives
- ejective > creaky voice > tone
- p p' > b p, generic south american gib
- Pseudo-Quechua
- Salish/Spittem parody
- Pseudo-Arabic
- Pseudo-Somali
- Both geminates and ejectives
- Finno-Bantu
- Primitive Terg pseudo-gib
- Hmooby-Doo
- Ejectives > geminates
- Estonian parody
- Hyper-minlang
- Pseudo-Inuit
- Pseudo-Tamil
- Grimmkammalic: branch with fricatives and syncope
- Polish-esque: m n ń; p t cz /tS/ k; f þ s sz /S/ h; r l w /v/ j (?)
- Kammalic^2: Fricatives lost again!
- Geminates > ejectives
- a e i o u w ä ö ü aa ee ii oo uu ww ää öö üü ai aü au aw ia üa ua wa
- m hm n hn l hl r hr p ph np nph t th nt nth tr thr ntr nthr k kh nk nkh q qh nq nqh f nf y ny
- l can occur in clusters such as pl, tl, kl...
Grammar
Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs