Xanian: Difference between revisions
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==Numerals== | ==Numerals== | ||
===Cardinal=== | ===Cardinal=== | ||
The Xanians use a decimal, e.g. base-10 counting system within their language, basing it off of the countable appendages on their hands. | The Xanians use a decimal, e.g. base-10 counting system within their language, basing it off of the countable appendages on their hands. Cardinal numbers, as with the other numbers, are unaffected by the Xanian case system. | ||
Examples: | Examples: |
Revision as of 21:39, 17 December 2015
Xanian | |
---|---|
Vâka Xâkömarī | |
Vâkâ Xâkömârī in written Xanian in Vanka | |
Pronunciation | [/vɐka ʒɐkɵmaɹɪ/] |
Created by | Vivaporius |
Native to | Xania |
Native speakers | 5,270,832 in the United States 334,656 overseas (2014) |
Xanic
| |
Standard form | |
Official status | |
Official language in | Xania |
Regulated by | Imperial Xanian Linguistics Institute |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | xa |
ISO 639-2 | xan |
ISO 639-3 | xan |
Location of nations where Xanian is a spoken language | |
Xanian (Vâka Xâkömarī, /vɐka ʒɐkɵmaɹɪ/) is a North American language spoken by 5.6 million people, and the official language of Xania. It is a member of the Xanic language family, and largely regarded as a language isolate, the second largest of its type in the world after Korean. For centuries, the Xanian language has remained distinct and separate from the rest of the languages around it, with little influence on the language until Xania's emergence into the world community in the late 1800s. Virtually nothing is known of the language's prehistory, and all information on when it first appeared in North America exists, leaving many to speculate that the language arrived with Xanians sometime around 1200 AD.
Phonology and orthography
Main articles: Xanian phonology and IPA for Xanian
Consonants
Grapheme | IPA | Description | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
D | d | [d] | Voiced alveolar stop | - |
H | h | [h] | Voiceless glottal fricative | - |
J | j | [dʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar affricate | - |
K | k | [k] | Voiceless velar stop | - |
M | m | [m] | Bilabial nasal | - |
N | n | [n] | Alveolar nasal | - |
R | r | [ɹ] | Alveolar approximant | - |
S | s | [s] | Voiceless alveolar sibilant | - |
Š | š | [ʃ] | Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative | - |
T | t | [t] | Voiceless alveolar plosive | - |
V | v | [v] | Voiced labiodental fricative | - |
X | x | [ʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant | - |
Y | y | [j] | Palatal approximant | - |
Z | z | [z] | Voiced alveolar fricative | - |
Vowels
Grapheme | IPA | Description | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | a | [a] | Open front unrounded vowel | - |
 | â | [ɐ] | Near-open central vowel | - |
E | e | [e] | Close-mid front unrounded vowel | - |
I | i | [i] | Close front unrounded vowel | - |
Ī | ī | [ɪ] | Near-close near-front unrounded vowel | - |
O | o | [o] | Close-mid back rounded vowel | - |
Ö | ö | [ɵ] | Close-mid central rounded vowel | - |
U | u | [u] | Close back rounded vowel | - |
Digraphs and trigraphs
Alphabet
The Xanian language has its own alphabet, which has traditionally been the only one in use by the speakers of the language. However, the usage of Latin in place of the Xanian alphabet only recently came to supplant the later as more and more Xanians in the United States adopted the Latin scipt for practical reasons. However, the Xanian script remains the primary written script in regions where Xanians are the primary inhabitants. On official documents of the Xanian people, the Xanian alphabet is always used, with one in the Romanized alphabet put out shortly thereafter. All icons and emblems used by the Xanians which possess writing on them, are always in the Xanian alphabet.
A a | Â â | D d | E e | H h | I i | Ī ī | J j | K k | M m | N n | O o | Ö ö | R r | S s | Š š | T t | U u | V v | X x | Y y | Z z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[a] | [ɐ] | [d] | [e] | [h] | [i] | [ɪ] | [dʒ] | [k] | [m] | [n] | [o] | [ɵ] | [ɹ] | [s] | [ʃ] | [t] | [u] | [v] | [ʒ] | [j] | [z] |
Nota bene
- /z/ never comes before another stop consonant
- /j/ can never be placed next to another consonant
- /r/, /n/, /s/ and /k/ are the only consonants allowed next to one another
- /s/ may only come after /r/ and before /h/ at all times if placed next to one another
- In words with two or more /a/ vowels, stress is always placed on the second /a/
- /r/ is never permitted to sit next to another consonant due to the illegality liquids
- Stress is placed on the first /a/ if another vowel precedes it, or if /ʒ/ or /v/ directly precedes /a/
- /n/, /k/, and /r/ are the only consonants permitted to end a word
Violation of these rules are only rarely permitted, but avoided if at all possible.
Grammar
Cases
Nouns
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Diminutives and augmentatives
Articles
Definite
Indefinite
Adjectives
Comparatives
More
Less
As... as
Superlatives
Most
Least
Personal pronouns
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Reflexive
Possessives
Interrogative pronouns
Relative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
Verbs
Tenses and moods
Indicative mood
Conditional mood
Imperative mood
Voices
Continuous
Gnomic
Reflexives
Polarity
Irregular verbs
Adverbs
Word order
Numerals
Cardinal
The Xanians use a decimal, e.g. base-10 counting system within their language, basing it off of the countable appendages on their hands. Cardinal numbers, as with the other numbers, are unaffected by the Xanian case system.
Examples:
- dī-mârok (a nation)
- nok mârokī (zero nations)
- âyn mârok (one nation)
- kor mârokī (nine nations)
- xi mârokī (ten nations)
- xidīn mârokī (a/one hundred nations)
Cardinal numbers | |
---|---|
Number | Xanian |
0 | nok |
1 | âyn |
2 | tīr |
3 | vyâ |
4 | jâr |
5 | yân |
6 | sīn |
7 | šan |
8 | zon |
9 | kor |
10 | xi |
11 | xi-âyn |
12 | xi-tīr |
13 | xi-vyâ |
14 | xi-jâr |
15 | xi-yân |
16 | xi-sin |
17 | xi-šan |
18 | xi-zon |
19 | xi-kor |
20 | tīr'xi |
30 | vyâ'xi |
40 | jâr'xi |
50 | yân'xi |
60 | sīn'xi |
70 | šan'xi |
80 | zon'xi |
90 | kor'xi |
100 | xidīn |
101 | xidīn-âyn |
110 | xidīn'xi |
111 | xidīn'xi-âyn |
200 | tīr'xidīn |
1000 | xidīnko |
1001 | xidīnko-âyn |
1010 | xidīnko'xi |
1011 | xidīnko'xi-âyn |
1100 | xidīnko'xidīn |
1101 | xidīnko'xidīn-âyn |
1110 | xidīnko'xidīn'xi |
1111 | xidīnko'xidīn'xi-âyn |
2000 | tīr'xidīnko |
10,000 | xi'xidīnko |
100,000 | xidīnoju |
1,000,000 | xidīnkovâr |
1,000,000,000 | xidīnyâkī |
1,000,000,000,000 | xidīndâvo |
∞ | zhâukono |