Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Mutations=== | ===Mutations=== | ||
*p > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf) | */p/ > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf) | ||
*/b/ > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/ | |||
*f > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w) | */f/ > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w) | ||
*t > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/ | */t/ > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/ | ||
*d > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/ | */d/ > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/ | ||
*s > /h/ /z/ /s/ | */s/ <''ƨ''> /h/ /z/ /s/ | ||
*z > /0/ /z/ /z/ | */z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/ | ||
* | */!/ > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/ | ||
* | */g!/ > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/ | ||
* | */ɧ/ > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/ | ||
* | */k/ > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/ | ||
*g > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/ | */g/ > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/ | ||
===Tenses=== | ===Tenses=== | ||
*Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O | *Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O | ||
*Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O | *Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O | ||
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]] | [[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]] | ||
Revision as of 01:03, 29 December 2015
Introduction
Old Kurmian is inspired by Middle Chinese and Irish.
Sound changes
- short e > short i, short i > ə
- short a o u > short ä ö ü
- /au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /we/
- back vowels should break as in OC > MC
- final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
- Prefixes correspond to lexical mutations in RW
- grammatical mutation
- standardize Irish-style orthography?
- slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
- vowel length lost
- assuming vocalized r at the same conditions as bühnendeutsch:
- fám, dàuigh, neág, đâbh, séil, stúm, rút, leá, speáb, cia
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Coronal | Lateral | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /n̊ˡ/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /nˡ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /tɬ/ | /!/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /tɬʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /dɮ/ | /g!/ | /g/ | ||
| breathy voiced | /bʱ/ | /dʱ/ | /dɮʱ/ | /g!ʱ/ | /gʱ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ɬ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /ɮ/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | /w/, /ɥ/ | /l/ | /j/ | ||||
Vowels
There are many permissible rimes. There are four possible "medials": zero, /-j-/, /-w-/, and /-jw-/.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ | /ɨ/ | /u/ |
| Close-mid | /e/ | /ə/ | /o/ |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | ||
| Open | /a/ |
Finals
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l/
Tones
Grammar
Mutations
- /p/ > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
- /b/ > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
- /f/ > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
- /t/ > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/
- /d/ > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
- /s/ <ƨ> /h/ /z/ /s/
- /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
- /!/ > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
- /g!/ > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
- /ɧ/ > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
- /k/ > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
- /g/ > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/
Tenses
- Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
- Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O