Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions

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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Mutations===
===Mutations===
*/p/ > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
*/p/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
*/b/ > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
*/b/ <''b''> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
*/f/ > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
*/pʰ/ <''p̂''> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/
*/t/ > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
*/d/ > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
*/t/ <''t''> > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
*/tʰ/ <''t̂''> > /þ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/
*/s/ <''ƨ''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/s/ <''ƨ''> > /h/ /z/ /s/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/
*/!/ > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
*/!/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
*/g!/ > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
*/ɧ/ > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
*/k/ > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
*/k/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
*/g/ > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/
*/g/ <''g''> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/


===Tenses===
===Tenses===

Revision as of 01:13, 29 December 2015

Introduction

Old Kurmian is inspired by Middle Chinese and Irish.

Sound changes

  • short e > short i, short i > ə
  • short a o u > short ä ö ü
  • /au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /we/
  • back vowels should break as in OC > MC
  • final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
  • Prefixes correspond to lexical mutations in RW
  • grammatical mutation
  • standardize Irish-style orthography?
  • slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
  • vowel length lost
  • assuming vocalized r at the same conditions as bühnendeutsch:
    • fám, dàuigh, neág, đâbh, séil, stúm, rút, leá, speáb, cia

Phonology

Initials

Old Kurmian initials
Labial Coronal Lateral Coarticulated Velar Glottal
Nasal voiceless /m̊/ /n̊/ /n̊ˡ/ /ŋ̊!/ /ŋ̊/
voiced /m/ /n/ /nˡ/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ/
Stop tenuis /p/ /t/ /tɬ/ /!/ /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /tɬʰ/ /!ʰ/ /kʰ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /dɮ/ /g!/ /g/
breathy voiced /bʱ/ /dʱ/ /dɮʱ/ /g!ʱ/ /gʱ/
Fricative voiceless /f/ /s/ /ɬ/ /ɧ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /z/ /ɮ/ /ɧ̬/ /ɣ/
Trill /r/
Approximant /w/, /ɥ/ /l/ /j/

Vowels

There are many permissible rimes. There are four possible "medials": zero, /-j-/, /-w-/, and /-jw-/.

  Front Central Back
Close /i/ /ɨ/ /u/
Close-mid /e/ /ə/ /o/
Open-mid /ɛ/
Open /a/

Finals

Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l/

Tones

Grammar

Mutations

  • /p/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
  • /b/ <b> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
  • /pʰ/ <> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/
  • /f/ <f> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
  • /t/ <t> > /þ/ /d/ /tʰ/
  • /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
  • /tʰ/ <> > /þ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/
  • /s/ <ƨ> > /h/ /z/ /s/
  • /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
  • /!/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
  • /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
  • /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
  • /k/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
  • /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/

Tenses

  • Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
  • Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O