Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions
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*/p/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf) | */p/ <''p''> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf) | ||
*/b/ <''b''> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/ | */b/ <''b''> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/ | ||
*/pʰ/ <'' | */pʰ/ <''sp''> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/ | ||
*/f/ <''f''> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w) | */f/ <''f''> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w) | ||
*/m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/ | */m/ <''m''> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/ | ||
*/t/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /tʰ/ | */t/ <''t''> > /θ/ /d/ /tʰ/ | ||
*/d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/ | */d/ <''d''> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/ | ||
*/tʰ/ <'' | */tʰ/ <''st''> > /θ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/ | ||
*/s/ <''ƨ''> > /h/ /z/ /s/ | */s/ <''ƨ''> > /h/ /z/ /s/ | ||
*/z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/ | */z/ <''s''> > /0/ /z/ /z/ | ||
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*/!/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/ | */!/ <''ŧ''> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/ | ||
*/g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/ | */g!/ <''đ''> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/ | ||
*/!ʰ/ <'' | */!ʰ/ <''sŧ''> > /ɧ/ /ŋ̊!/ /!ʰ/ | ||
*/ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/ | */ɧ/ <''sc''> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/ | ||
*/k/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/ | */k/ <''c''> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/ | ||
Revision as of 03:41, 29 December 2015
Introduction
Old Kurmian is inspired by Old Irish.
Sound changes
- short e > short i, short i > ə
- short a o u > short ä ö ü
- /au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /we/
- back vowels should break as in OC > MC
- final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
- Prefixes correspond to lexical mutations in RW
- grammatical mutation
- standardize Irish-style orthography?
- slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
- AW aː to æː > ʲaː
- feám, dàuigh, neag, đâbh, séil, stúm, rút, leá, speab, cia
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Coronal | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | (/ŋ̊/) | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /!/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /g!/ | /g/ | ||
| breathy voiced | /bʱ/ | /dʱ/ | /g!ʱ/ | /gʱ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||
| Approximant | /w/, /ɥ/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/ | /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/ | |
| Close-mid | /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/ | /ə/ /əː/ | /(ʷ)o/ /(ʷ)oː/ |
| Open | /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/ |
Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/
Finals
Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l/
Suprasegmentals
Each syllable could have two registers: plain (a á) and breathy (à â).
Grammar
Mutations
- /p/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /pʰ/ (from AW pf)
- /b/ <b> > /v/ /m/ /bʰ/
- /pʰ/ <sp> > /f/ /m̊/ /pʰ/
- /f/ <f> > /0/ /v/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
- /m/ <m> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
- /t/ <t> > /θ/ /d/ /tʰ/
- /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /dʰ/
- /tʰ/ <st> > /θ/ /n̊/ /tʰ/
- /s/ <ƨ> > /h/ /z/ /s/
- /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
- /n/ <n> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
- /!/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!ʰ/
- /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!ʰ/
- /!ʰ/ <sŧ> > /ɧ/ /ŋ̊!/ /!ʰ/
- /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
- /k/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /kʰ/
- /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ /gʰ/
Tenses
- Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
- Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O