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Shaj: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
====Nasals==== | ====Nasals==== | ||
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===Prosody | ===Phonotactics and Prosody=== | ||
Syllable structure can be as large as CCCVC and as small as V (where V stands for any vowel or diphthong). Every word needs a vowel, and no word may end in more than one consonant. Typically, stress is on the first syllable of the root, or the penultimate syllable of a word. Morphemes with two syllables rarely end in a vowel. | Syllable structure can be as large as CCCVC and as small as V (where V stands for any vowel or diphthong). Every word needs a vowel, and no word may end in more than one consonant. Typically, stress is on the first syllable of the root, or the penultimate syllable of a word. Morphemes with two syllables rarely end in a vowel. | ||
====Mutations and Assimilations==== | ====Mutations and Assimilations==== | ||
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====Gemination==== | ====Gemination==== | ||
When two of the same consonant are next to each other, they are geminated. Obstruents are voiceless and sonorants are voiced. The phoneme /ɾ/ becomes a trill [r(ː)] when geminated. | When two of the same consonant are next to each other, they are geminated. Obstruents are voiceless and sonorants are voiced. The phoneme /ɾ/ becomes a trill [r(ː)] when geminated. | ||
====Summary Chart (WOP)==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 442px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 68px; "| | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Labial | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Dental | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Alveolar | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Postalveolar | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Palatal | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Velar | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Uvular | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Pharyngeal | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal | |||
| /m/ | |||
| /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| [ɲ] | |||
| /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Voiced Fricative | |||
| /v/ | |||
| /ð/ | |||
| /z/ | |||
| /ʒ/ | |||
| | |||
| /ɣ/ | |||
| [ʁ] | |||
| [ʕ] | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Voiceless Fricative | |||
| [f] | |||
| [θ] | |||
| [s] | |||
| /ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
| [x] | |||
| [χ] | |||
| [ħ] | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral | |||
| | |||
| /l/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| [ʎ] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels and Semivowels=== | ===Vowels and Semivowels=== | ||
====Open Vowels==== | ====Open Vowels==== | ||
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=====Aspect===== | =====Aspect===== | ||
======Perfect and Imperfect====== | ======Perfect and Imperfect====== | ||
Shaj distinguishes many aspects | Shaj distinguishes many aspects by using one of the following words between the verb and the tense. There is ɑv, which indicates perfect mood, just like english 'have'. For example, ʒɑɣ ĭe ɑv means 'I have eaten'. There is also ɑv ɑĭ, which indicates pluperfect mood, just like english 'had'. Therefore, ʒɑɣ ĭe ɑv ɑĭ means 'I had eaten'. | ||
======Perfective and Imperfective====== | ======Perfective and Imperfective====== | ||
There is also ĭk, which occurs at the end of many Shaj sentences. It is used to make the meaning of a sentence apply to all or any instance in time. Confused? It kind of means 'usually' or 'always'. When used in the past tense, it has a similar meaning to Spanish's imperfecto. However, unlike Spanish, Shaj can use ĭk in sentences of any tense. For example, nɑ ĭovɑ! means 'She is angry [because of something that just happened]', but Na ĭovɑ ĭk! means 'She is angry' as in 'she is an angry person'. | There is also ĭk, which occurs at the end of many Shaj sentences. It is used to make the meaning of a sentence apply to all or any instance in time. Confused? It kind of means 'usually' or 'always'. When used in the past tense, it has a similar meaning to Spanish's imperfecto. However, unlike Spanish, Shaj can use ĭk in sentences of any tense. For example, nɑ ĭovɑ! means 'She is angry [because of something that just happened]', but Na ĭovɑ ĭk! means 'She is angry' as in 'she is an angry person'. | ||