Contionary:werþen: Difference between revisions

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==Skundavisk==

===Etymology===

From Middle Skundavisk ''verthen'', ''verþen'', from Old Skundavisk ''verþan'', from Halmisk ''~~verþan~~'', from Proto-Germanic ''*werþaną''.

From Middle Skundavisk ''verthen'', ''verþen'', from Old Skundavisk ''verþan'', from Halmisk ''ᚹᛖᚱᚦᚨᚾ'' (''werþan''), from Proto-Germanic ''*werþaną''.

===Pronunciation===

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===Verb===

'''~~werthen~~''' (''irregular~~, suppletive~~, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')

'''werþen''' (''irregular, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')

# to become

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{| class="wikitable alternance"

! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | infinitive

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | ~~werthen~~

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþen

|-

! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | present participle

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | ~~werthend~~

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþend

|-

! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | past participle

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|-

! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | present

| style="text-align:center" | ik ~~werthe~~

| style="text-align:center" | ik werþe

| style="text-align:center" | wi ~~werthen~~

| style="text-align:center" | wi werþen

| style="text-align:center" | ik ~~werthe~~

| style="text-align:center" | ik werþe

| style="text-align:center" | wi ~~werthen~~

| style="text-align:center" | wi werþen

|-

| style="text-align:center" | ~~thou~~ wirst

| style="text-align:center" | ðou wirst

| style="text-align:center" | ji ~~werthet~~

| style="text-align:center" | ji werþet

| style="text-align:center" | ~~thou werthest~~

| style="text-align:center" | ðou werþest

| style="text-align:center" | ji ~~werthet~~

| style="text-align:center" | ji werþet

|-

| style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit wirt

| style="text-align:center" | si, Si ~~werthen~~

| style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen

| style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit ~~werthe~~

| style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit werþe

| style="text-align:center" | si, Si ~~werthen~~

| style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen

|-

! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightgreen" | preterit

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| style="text-align:center" | wi wyrden

|-

| style="text-align:center" | ~~thou~~ wordest

| style="text-align:center" | ðou wordest

| style="text-align:center" | ji wordet

| style="text-align:center" | ~~thou~~ wyrdest

| style="text-align:center" | ðou wyrdest

| style="text-align:center" | ji wyrdet

|-

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|-

! scope="row" style="background-color:lightyellow" | imperative

| style="text-align:center" | ~~werth~~

| style="text-align:center" | werþ

| style="text-align:center" | ~~werthet~~ (ji)

| style="text-align:center" | werþet (ji)

! style="background-color:lightgrey" |

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====Usage notes====

* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern ~~first by shifting the /θ/ sound of its root to a /d/ sound in the past participle during the Old Skundavisk period, and then~~ by replacing the regular past tense root ''~~warth~~'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.

* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern by replacing the regular past tense root ''warþ'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.

* Most dialects use it as a passive auxiliary instead of the typically Kijlisk [[Contionary:beun|beun]].

====Synonyms====

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 ==Skundavisk==
 ===Etymology===
-From Middle Skundavisk ''verthen'', ''verþen'', from Old Skundavisk ''verþan'', from Halmisk ''verþan'', from Proto-Germanic ''*werþaną''.
+From Middle Skundavisk ''verthen'', ''verþen'', from Old Skundavisk ''verþan'', from Halmisk ''ᚹᛖᚱᚦᚨᚾ'' (''werþan''), from Proto-Germanic ''*werþaną''.
 ===Pronunciation===
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ===Verb===
-'''werthen''' (''irregular, suppletive, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')
+'''werþen''' (''irregular, third-person singular simple present'' '''wirt''', ''past tense'' '''worde''', ''past participle'' '''geworden''' , ''past subjunctive'' '''wyrde''', ''auxiliary'' '''wesen''')
 # to become
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 {| class="wikitable alternance"
   ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | infinitive
-  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werthen
+  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþen
   |-
   ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | present participle
-  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werthend
+  | colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | werþend
   |-
   ! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightred" | past participle
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
   |-
   ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | present
-  | style="text-align:center" | ik werthe
+  | style="text-align:center" | ik werþe
-  | style="text-align:center" | wi werthen
+  | style="text-align:center" | wi werþen
-  | style="text-align:center" | ik werthe
+  | style="text-align:center" | ik werþe
-  | style="text-align:center" | wi werthen
+  | style="text-align:center" | wi werþen
   |-
-  | style="text-align:center" | thou wirst
+  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wirst
-  | style="text-align:center" | ji werthet
+  | style="text-align:center" | ji werþet
-  | style="text-align:center" | thou werthest
+  | style="text-align:center" | ðou werþest
-  | style="text-align:center" | ji werthet
+  | style="text-align:center" | ji werþet
   |-
   | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit wirt
-  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werthen
+  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen
-  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit werthe
+  | style="text-align:center" | hi, si, hit werþe
-  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werthen
+  | style="text-align:center" | si, Si werþen
   |-
   ! rowspan="3" style="background-color:lightgreen" | preterit
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
   | style="text-align:center" | wi wyrden
   |-
-  | style="text-align:center" | thou wordest
+  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wordest
   | style="text-align:center" | ji wordet
-  | style="text-align:center" | thou wyrdest
+  | style="text-align:center" | ðou wyrdest
   | style="text-align:center" | ji wyrdet
   |-
@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
   |-
   ! scope="row" style="background-color:lightyellow" | imperative
-  | style="text-align:center" | werth
+  | style="text-align:center" | werþ
-  | style="text-align:center" | werthet (ji)
+  | style="text-align:center" | werþet (ji)
   ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |
   ! style="background-color:lightgrey" |
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 ====Usage notes====
-* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern first by shifting the /θ/ sound of its root to a /d/ sound in the past participle during the Old Skundavisk period, and then by replacing the regular past tense root ''warth'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.
+* Originally a class 3 strong verb, it diverged from the regular pattern by replacing the regular past tense root ''warþ'' by ''worde'' around the 17th century. It is now classified as an irregular verb.
+* Most dialects use it as a passive auxiliary instead of the typically Kijlisk [[Contionary:beun|beun]].
 ====Synonyms====