Trâi

Old Trây: teːmˀ, cynəl, ŋɜt, rœyp, kæhən, caːmˀ, løːc, hæjc, pat, sayl

Diachronics

• Branch with plosive cyclic shift: 1. s~ts < k < q; q < ʈ < t < ts; (tēma, qinōr, ɳattʼē, laupʼē, ʈaɭin, qʼāma, rōqʼē, ɭojqʼē, pʼattʼē, kʼeyōr)
• Stress: Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the third-to-last syllable.
• Long and short diphthongs merge
• Beginning of "2nd cycle shift": k > c > s; q > k > c; T > q > k; ŋ > ɲ; N > ŋ; r > l > ɭ > ʀ
• Umlaut: a e o u > æ i ø y; aa oo uu > ææ øø yy; e i > å ø y; ee ii > øø yy; øw, øj > øy
• First Khmerization:
  • Before geminates: a > ɔ, i > e, u > o, e > æ, o > ɔ, aa > ɔɔ, ei > ee, ee > ææ, oo > ɔɔ, ou > oo, øy > øø, øø > əə, ai > ææ, au > ɔɔ, ii > ia, uu > ua
• Second plosive cycle shift completes; p p' > b p
• Syncope!
• Second Khmerization: breathy voice
  • i > ɪə i
  • iː > ɘi iː
  • y > ʏə y
  • yː > ɘy yː
  • u > ʊə u
  • uː > ɘu uː
  • e > e ɪ
  • eː > ei eː
  • ø > ø ʏ
  • øː > aø øː
  • o > o ʊ
  • oː > ao oː
  • ɛ > æ ɛ
  • ɛː > æː ɛː
  • a > a ɜ
  • aː > aː ɜː
  • ɔ > ɒ ɔ
  • ɔː > ɒː ɔː
  • ai > ɔe ɛi
  • au > ɛo ɔu
  • ay > aø œy
  • ei > æi ɪː
  • ou > ou ʊː
  • øy > ay ʏː
  • iːə > eːə iːə
  • yːə > øːə yːə
  • uːə > oːə uːə