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| nativename = sinadoleya | | nativename = sinadoleya | ||
| pronunciation = ɕinadɔleja | | pronunciation = ɕinadɔleja | ||
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Sinatolean | |||
| fam1 = [[Sinatolean languages|Sinatolean]] | | fam1 = [[Sinatolean languages|Sinatolean]] | ||
| fam2 = [[Sinatolean languages#Central | | fam2 = [[Sinatolean languages#Central|Central]] | ||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2024 | | created = 2024 | ||
| speakers = | | speakers = 6,800,000 | ||
| date = 2024 | | date = 2024 | ||
| script1 = Latn | | script1 = Latn | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
| dia2 = Southern Islands dialects | | dia2 = Southern Islands dialects | ||
| dia3 = Nelahgan dialects | | dia3 = Nelahgan dialects | ||
| ancestor = [[Proto-Sinatolean]] | |||
| ancestor2 = Proto-Central Sinatolean | |||
| agency = Sinat’ Societal Studies Institute | | agency = Sinat’ Societal Studies Institute | ||
| nation = Sinatolean Federation | |||
| notice = ipa | | notice = ipa | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sinatolean'''(''sinadoleya''; [[ | '''Sinatolean'''(''sinadoleya''; [[IPA for Sinatolean|[ɕinadɔleja]]]) is the official and national language of the Sinatolean Federation, a federative archipelago nation. Before the unification and subsequent formation of the Federation, Sinatolean was still used as a lingua franca in the region as far back as around 900 CE. It is the most spoken [[Sinatolean languages|Sinatolean language]], with an estimated 6,800,000 total native speakers as of 2024. | ||
Sinatolean is a heavily agglutinative language. In fact, the autonym of the language is itself an agglutinated phrase: | Sinatolean is a heavily agglutinative language. In fact, the autonym of the language is itself an agglutinated phrase: | ||
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Sinatolean has a total of 27 consonants; 16 phonemic consonants, with an additional 11 allophones of these phonemic consonants. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! !! Bilabial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| m || | | m || || n || (ɲ) || ŋ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
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! Slender | ! Slender | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | /p/ || /p/ || ''pola'' [pɔla] "move | | rowspan=2 | /p/ || /p/ || ''pola'' [pɔla] "move" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /f/ || '' | | /f/ || ''pisa'' [fisa] "dog" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2 | /b/ || /b/ || ''boso'' [bɔsɔ] "roof" | | rowspan=2 | /b/ || /b/ || ''boso'' [bɔsɔ] "roof" | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
====Short vowels==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
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|} | |} | ||
/ə/ is a common unstressed allophone that can theoretically be used for any vowel, though it is mostly only used for /e/ when it precedes a semivowel like /w/ or /j/, such as in ''gan'''e'''u'' [gaɲəw], "pet food". | /ə/ is a common unstressed allophone that can theoretically be used for any vowel, though it is mostly only used for /e/ when it precedes a semivowel like /w/ or /j/, such as in ''gan'''e'''u'' [gaɲəw], "pet food". | ||
====Long vowels==== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| iː || || uː | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| eː || || | |||
|- | |||
! Open-mid | |||
| || || ɔː | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| || aː || | |||
|} | |||
In Sinat’, many speakers glottalise initial long vowels, simultaneously also shortening the vowel, such as in ''āyo'', "hey", which in Sinat’ would be pronounced [ʔajɔ], but in Standard Sinatolean as well as most other dialect groups would be pronounced as [aːjɔ]. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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! rowspan=2 | Number !!rowspan=2 | English !! colspan=2 | Sinatolean | ! rowspan=2 | Number !!rowspan=2 | English !! colspan=2 | Sinatolean | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Gregorian !! ''Tunanga Yadān'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || January || ''janua'' || rowspan=2 | ''nganada'' | | 1 || January || ''janua'' || rowspan=2 | ''nganada'' | ||
| Line 142: | Line 165: | ||
Sinatolean, as well as Sinatolean languages as a whole, are very agglutinative, so many words can be derived from combining words. For example, take ''angaka'' "shrine, temple". It is a combination of the verb ''anga'' "to pray" and the suffix/word ''(-)ka'', "location, locative marker". Thus, ''angaka'' means "praying place". Words ending in ''-ka'' usually denote a place: e.g. ''didika'', ''lit.'' "sand-place"; "beach". Other words that end in ''-ka'' include ''sineka'', "country", ''sinekuka'', "republic" and ''intaka'', "public housing complex". | Sinatolean, as well as Sinatolean languages as a whole, are very agglutinative, so many words can be derived from combining words. For example, take ''angaka'' "shrine, temple". It is a combination of the verb ''anga'' "to pray" and the suffix/word ''(-)ka'', "location, locative marker". Thus, ''angaka'' means "praying place". Words ending in ''-ka'' usually denote a place: e.g. ''didika'', ''lit.'' "sand-place"; "beach". Other words that end in ''-ka'' include ''sineka'', "country", ''sinekuka'', "republic" and ''intaka'', "public housing complex". | ||
''-ya'' denotes speech or language, such as in ''sinadole'''ya''''', "Sinatolean language", ''lit.'' "island-people-speech". Words ending in ''-ya'' typically denote languages or dialects, such as ''pilanseya'' [filanɕeja] "French language", or ''inglandaya''(often erroneously misspelled as '' | ''-ya'' denotes speech or language, such as in ''sinadole'''ya''''', "Sinatolean language", ''lit.'' "island-people-speech". Words ending in ''-ya'' typically denote languages or dialects, such as ''pilanseya'' [filanɕeja] "French language", or ''inglandaya''(often erroneously misspelled as ''inglandya'') [iŋ(g)landaja] "English language". | ||
===Determiners=== | ===Determiners=== | ||
====Demonstratives==== | ====Demonstratives==== | ||
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Sinatolean, like all Sinatolean languages, has a strict SOV order. | Sinatolean, like all Sinatolean languages, has a strict SOV order. | ||
===Copulae=== | ===Copulae=== | ||
Sinatolean has no copulae. Thus, sentences like "I am tired" would grammatically be "I tired"(''lag auman''). Sinatolean is the only Sinatolean language with no copulae whatsoever; for comparison, the equivalent phrase of Sinatolean '' | Sinatolean has no copulae. Thus, sentences like "I am tired" would grammatically be "I tired"(''lag auman''). Sinatolean is the only Sinatolean language with no copulae whatsoever; for comparison, the equivalent phrase of Sinatolean ''ak auman'' in Mowinda-Moyeng would be ''e’ awan jengāzi'' [eʔ (a)wan ɟeŋaːzi] ''lit.'' "I tired am". | ||
==Dialects== | |||
===Sinat’ dialects=== | |||
Though Sinat’ is the region with the largest amount of Sinatolean speakers, most Sinat’ dialects actually differ quite a lot from the standard, as well as most other dialects. | |||
* Initial long vowels are often shortened or pre-glottalised, sometimes both. For example, the word ''[[Contionary:īagene|īagene]]'', "spontaneous", would be pronounced [ʔjaɟeɲe] instead of [iːaɟeɲe]. | |||
* Short /i/ before /e/ or /a/ becomes /j/. For example, ''[[Contionary:kaienu|kaienu]]'', "guitar" is pronounced [kajenu] instead of [kaienu]. | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
[[Category:Sinatolean]][[Category:Sinatolean languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | [[Category:Sinatolean]][[Category:Sinatolean languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]] | ||