Trâi: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central | |||
! colspan="4" colspan="4" style="width: 180px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| /i/ | |||
| /iː/ | |||
| /y/ | |||
| /yː/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʉː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-close | |||
| /ɪ̟/ | |||
| /ɪ̟ː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /ɵ/ | |||
| /ɵː/ | |||
| | |||
| /ɤːˁ/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʊːˁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close-mid | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /ø/ | |||
| /øː/ | |||
| /ə/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /oːˁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| /ɛ/ | |||
| /ɛː/ | |||
| | |||
| /œː/ | |||
| /ɞ/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʌˁ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| /ɔːˁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| /aːˁ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
*i y ʉ ɯ u iː yː ʉː ɯː uː | *i y ʉ ɯ u iː yː ʉː ɯː uː | ||
*ɪ ʏ ш ʊ ɪː ʏː шː ʊː | *ɪ ʏ ш ʊ ɪː ʏː шː ʊː | ||
Revision as of 01:19, 17 January 2016
Old Trây: teːmˀ, cynəl, ŋɜt, rœyp, kæhən, caːmˀ, løːc, hæjc, pat, sayl
Diachronics
- Branch with plosive cyclic shift: 1. s~ts < k < q; q < ʈ < t < ts; (tēma, qinōr, ɳattʼē, laupʼē, ʈaɭin, qʼāma, rōqʼē, ɭojqʼē, pʼattʼē, kʼeyōr)
- Stress: Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the third-to-last syllable.
- Long and short diphthongs merge
- Beginning of "2nd cycle shift": k > c > s; q > k > c; T > q > k; ŋ > ɲ; N > ŋ; r > l > ɭ > ʀ
- Umlaut: a e o u > æ i ø y; aa oo uu > ææ øø yy; e i > å ø y; ee ii > øø yy; øw, øj > øy
- First Khmerization:
- Before geminates: a > ɔ, i > e, u > o, e > æ, o > ɔ, aa > ɔɔ, ei > ee, ee > ææ, oo > ɔɔ, ou > oo, øy > øø, øø > əə, ai > ææ, au > ɔɔ, ii > ia, uu > ua
- Second plosive cycle shift completes; p p' > b p
- Syncope!
- Second Khmerization: breathy voice
- i > ɪə i
- iː > ɘi iː
- y > ʏə y
- yː > ɘy yː
- u > ʊə u
- uː > ɘu uː
- e > e ɪ
- eː > ei eː
- ø > ø ʏ
- øː > aø øː
- o > o ʊ
- oː > ao oː
- ɛ > æ ɛ
- ɛː > æː ɛː
- a > a ɜ
- aː > aː ɜː
- ɔ > ɒ ɔ
- ɔː > ɒː ɔː
- ai > ɔe ɛi
- au > ɛo ɔu
- ay > aø œy
- ei > æi ɪː
- ou > ou ʊː
- øy > ay ʏː
- iːə > eːə iːə
- yːə > øːə yːə
- uːə > oːə uːə
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /ʉː/ | |||||
| Near-close | /ɪ̟/ | /ɪ̟ː/ | /ɵ/ | /ɵː/ | /ɤːˁ/ | /ʊːˁ/ | ||||
| Close-mid | /ø/ | /øː/ | /ə/ | /oːˁ/ | ||||||
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /œː/ | /ɞ/ | /ʌˁ/ | /ɔːˁ/ | ||||
| Open | /aːˁ/ | |||||||||
- i y ʉ ɯ u iː yː ʉː ɯː uː
- ɪ ʏ ш ʊ ɪː ʏː шː ʊː
- e ø ɘ ɤ o eː øː ɘː ɤː oː
- ɛ œ ʌ ɔ ɛː œː ʌː ɔː
- æ ä ɑ æː äː ɑː