Trâi: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Trây has 21 vowel qualities and 106 vowel nuclei. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | |+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels''' | ||
| Line 71: | Line 71: | ||
| /y/ | | /y/ | ||
| /yː/ | | /yː/ | ||
| | | /ʉ/ | ||
| /ʉː/ | | /ʉː/ | ||
| | | /ɯ/ | ||
| | | /ɯː/ | ||
| | | /u/ | ||
| | | /uː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Near-close | ! style="" |Near-close | ||
| /ɪ̟/ | | /ɪ̟/ | ||
| /ɪ̟ː/ | | /ɪ̟ː/ | ||
| /ʏ/ | |||
| /ʏː/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ш/ | ||
| / | | /шː/ | ||
| /ʊ/ | |||
| / | | /ʊː/ | ||
| / | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close-mid | ! style="" |Close-mid | ||
| | | /e/ | ||
| | | /eː/ | ||
| /ø/ | | /ø/ | ||
| /øː/ | | /øː/ | ||
| /ə/ | | /ə/ | ||
| | | /əː/ | ||
| | | /ɤ/ | ||
| | | /ɤː/ | ||
| | | /o/ | ||
| / | | /oː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open-mid | ! style="" |Open-mid | ||
| /ɛ/ | | /ɛ/ | ||
| /ɛː/ | | /ɛː/ | ||
| | | /œ/ | ||
| /œː/ | | /œː/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ʌ/ | ||
| /ʌː/ | |||
| /ɔ/ | |||
| /ɔː/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
| | | /æ/ | ||
| / | | /æː/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| /a/ | |||
| /aː/ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| /ɒ/ | |||
| /ɒː/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Kammalic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]] | [[Category:Kammalic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]] | ||
Revision as of 01:29, 17 January 2016
Old Trây: teːmˀ, cynəl, ŋɜt, rœyp, kæhən, caːmˀ, løːc, hæjc, pat, sayl
Diachronics
- Branch with plosive cyclic shift: 1. s~ts < k < q; q < ʈ < t < ts; (tēma, qinōr, ɳattʼē, laupʼē, ʈaɭin, qʼāma, rōqʼē, ɭojqʼē, pʼattʼē, kʼeyōr)
- Stress: Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the third-to-last syllable.
- Long and short diphthongs merge
- Beginning of "2nd cycle shift": k > c > s; q > k > c; T > q > k; ŋ > ɲ; N > ŋ; r > l > ɭ > ʀ
- Umlaut: a e o u > æ i ø y; aa oo uu > ææ øø yy; e i > å ø y; ee ii > øø yy; øw, øj > øy
- First Khmerization:
- Before geminates: a > ɔ, i > e, u > o, e > æ, o > ɔ, aa > ɔɔ, ei > ee, ee > ææ, oo > ɔɔ, ou > oo, øy > øø, øø > əə, ai > ææ, au > ɔɔ, ii > ia, uu > ua
- Second plosive cycle shift completes; p p' > b p
- Syncope!
- Second Khmerization: breathy voice
- i > ɪə i
- iː > ɘi iː
- y > ʏə y
- yː > ɘy yː
- u > ʊə u
- uː > ɘu uː
- e > e ɪ
- eː > ei eː
- ø > ø ʏ
- øː > aø øː
- o > o ʊ
- oː > ao oː
- ɛ > æ ɛ
- ɛː > æː ɛː
- a > a ɜ
- aː > aː ɜː
- ɔ > ɒ ɔ
- ɔː > ɒː ɔː
- ai > ɔe ɛi
- au > ɛo ɔu
- ay > aø œy
- ei > æi ɪː
- ou > ou ʊː
- øy > ay ʏː
- iːə > eːə iːə
- yːə > øːə yːə
- uːə > oːə uːə
Phonology
Vowels
Trây has 21 vowel qualities and 106 vowel nuclei.
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /ʉ/ | /ʉː/ | /ɯ/ | /ɯː/ | /u/ | /uː/ |
| Near-close | /ɪ̟/ | /ɪ̟ː/ | /ʏ/ | /ʏː/ | /ш/ | /шː/ | /ʊ/ | /ʊː/ | ||
| Close-mid | /e/ | /eː/ | /ø/ | /øː/ | /ə/ | /əː/ | /ɤ/ | /ɤː/ | /o/ | /oː/ |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /œ/ | /œː/ | /ʌ/ | /ʌː/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔː/ | ||
| Open | /æ/ | /æː/ | /a/ | /aː/ | /ɒ/ | /ɒː/ | ||||