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Haššûl: Difference between revisions
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→NOMINAL MORPHOLOGY
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===NOMINAL MORPHOLOGY=== | ===NOMINAL MORPHOLOGY=== | ||
====Slot population==== | |||
'''''· Slot -n''''' | |||
Nominal groups i, iv and v: number marking prefix. | |||
'''''· Slot 0: root and infixes''''' | |||
Infixes | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
| Stative form || -na- || After the first vowel. See ''Stative forms'' below. | |||
|- | |||
| . | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
'''''· Slot _: ''''' | |||
====Number marking in variable slot distribution==== | ====Number marking in variable slot distribution==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Stative forms==== | |||
Some nouns need to be marked for a so called stative form, which allows further nominal marking. Such nouns as ''water'', ''wind'' or ''fire'', for example, receive the nominal particle ''-na-'' (infixed after the first vowel if the word starts in a CV= syllable or after the first consonant in case of a VC= syllable). Nouns which don't usually receive a stative marker take it to make the noun a predicate in a nominal phrase. E.g.: | |||
:{| | |||
|- | |||
| ''pešš-'', tea plant, ''penašš-'' | |||
|- | |||
| <nowiki>{pe<na>šš-eš}</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
| <nowiki>[tea.plant<STAT>-SG], "to be a teaplant";</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
| <nowiki>{tea.plant<STAT>-SG DEM.SG.PROX.SP}</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
| ''''' <nowiki>'</nowiki>penaššeš telêš<nowiki>'</nowiki> ''''', "this is a teaplant"; | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
of which in turn the form | |||
:{| | |||
|- | |||
| <nowiki>{pe<na>šš-a-telê-eš}</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
| <nowiki>[tea.plant<STAT>-A-DEM.SG.PROX.SP-SG]</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
| ''''' <nowiki>'</nowiki>penaššatelêš<nowiki>'</nowiki> ''''' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
is also valid. | |||
====Incorporation==== | ====Incorporation==== | ||
Some nouns can be incorporated to some verbs, in which case they take on an incorporated form. For example, nouns for food items can be incorporated into verbs of cooking; for instance, bread (akku-, incorporated form -kkû-) can be incorporated into to.cook (haptu-) as follows: | Some nouns can be incorporated to some verbs, in which case they take on an incorporated form. For example, nouns for food items can be incorporated into verbs of cooking; for instance, bread (akku-, incorporated form -kkû-) can be incorporated into to.cook (haptu-) as follows: | ||
{haptu-kkû-} | |||
to.cook-bread[INC]- | :{| | ||
'to.bread-cook' => to bake | |- | ||
E.g. "wânkaptukkûš", I bake {wâ[N]-Ø-hanaptu-kkû-Ø-Ø-Ø-Ø-š-Ø} | | {haptu-kkû-} | ||
|- | |||
| to.cook-bread[INC]- | |||
|- | |||
| 'to.bread-cook' => to bake | |||
|- | |||
| E.g. "wânkaptukkûš", I bake {wâ[N]-Ø-hanaptu-kkû-Ø-Ø-Ø-Ø-š-Ø} | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
Other examples in this semantic field are meat & roasting and tea & brewing. Other examples in similar semantic fields are wall & to.erect and animal & to.track. | Other examples in this semantic field are meat & roasting and tea & brewing. Other examples in similar semantic fields are wall & to.erect and animal & to.track. | ||
For the rendering of more specific situations, noun incorporation into verbs is regularly employed combining an incorporated hyperonym with a non-incorporated hyponym marked as direct object. For example, "to meat-roast a lamb", "to tea-brew oolong", "to wall-erect an enclosure", "to animal-tame a horse", etc. | For the rendering of more specific situations, noun incorporation into verbs is regularly employed combining an incorporated hyperonym with a non-incorporated hyponym marked as direct object. For example, "to meat-roast a lamb", "to tea-brew oolong", "to wall-erect an enclosure", "to animal-tame a horse", etc. | ||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||