Adamic Code: Difference between revisions
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! Coding of Nominal Plurality | ! Coding of Nominal Plurality | ||
| 33A || {{Yes|Plural suffix<br>Plural stem change | | 33A || {{Yes|Plural suffix<br>Plural stem change<br>e.g. ''lût'' "whale", ''lúvācit'' "whales"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Occurrence of Nominal Plurality | ! Occurrence of Nominal Plurality | ||
| 34A || {{Yes|Plural in all nouns, always obligatory | | 34A || {{Yes|Plural in all nouns, always obligatory<br>e.g. ''liviatan'' "whale", ''liviatanān'' "whales"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | ! Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | ||
| 35A || {{Yes|Person stem with a nominal plural affix | | 35A || {{Yes|Person stem with a nominal plural affix<br>e.g. ''anu'' "I", ''anunā'' "we"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! The Associative Plural | ! The Associative Plural | ||
| 36A || {{Yes|Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals | | 36A || {{Yes|Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals<br>e.g. ''zaûlirau'' "the Sun and the Moon"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Definite Articles | ! Definite Articles | ||
| 37A || {{Yes| Definite word distinct from demonstrative / Definite affix on noun | | 37A || {{Yes| Definite word distinct from demonstrative / Definite affix on noun<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruci'' "the whale", ''liviatan ikuci'' "this whale"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Indefinite Articles | ! Indefinite Articles | ||
| 38A || {{Yes|Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one' | | 38A || {{Yes|Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'<br>e.g. ''liviatan aruci'' "a whale", ''liviatan ikisu'' "one whale"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns | ! Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns | ||
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! Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives | ! Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives | ||
| 42A || {{Yes|Different inflectional features | | 42A || {{Yes|Different inflectional features<br>e.g. ''liviatan iku'' "this whale", ''aiku'' "this"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives | ! Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives | ||
| 43A || {{No|Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives | | 43A || {{No|Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''aiku'' "this"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns | ! Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns | ||
| 44A || {{Yes|Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person | | 44A || {{Yes|Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''asȳ'' "she"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns | ! Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns | ||
| 45A || {{No|Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction | | 45A || {{No|Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction<br>e.g. ''atu'' "you"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Indefinite Pronouns | ! Indefinite Pronouns | ||
| 46A || {{Yes|Special indefinites | | 46A || {{Yes|Special indefinites<br>e.g. ''auru'' "something/someone", ''suma'' ~ ''sam'' "who?"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns | ! Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns | ||
| 47A || {{Yes|Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated | | 47A || {{Yes|Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated<br>e.g. ''sās āk’pá'' "he killed himself", ''asura'' "he himself"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Person Marking on Adpositions | ! Person Marking on Adpositions | ||
| 48A || {{No|Adpositions without person marking | | 48A || {{No|Adpositions without person marking<br>e.g. ''ām'' "before"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Number of Cases | ! Number of Cases | ||
| 49A || {{Yes|6-7 case categories | | 49A || {{Yes|6-7 case categories<br>e.g. Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Copulative, Ergative, and Genitive}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Asymmetrical Case-Marking | ! Asymmetrical Case-Marking | ||
| 50A || {{Yes|Symmetrical case-marking | | 50A || {{Yes|Symmetrical case-marking<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale", ''ani'' "to me"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Position of Case Affixes | ! Position of Case Affixes | ||
| 51A || {{Yes|Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary | | 51A || {{Yes|Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Comitatives and Instrumentals | ! Comitatives and Instrumentals | ||
| 52A || {{Yes|Differentiation | | 52A || {{Yes|Differentiation<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruki'' "with the whale" (comitative), ''liviatan irubi'' "with the whale" (instrumental)}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ordinal Numerals | ! Ordinal Numerals | ||
| 53A || {{Yes|Variou-th: Other solutions | | 53A || {{Yes|Variou-th: Other solutions<br>e.g. ''kahs'' "one", ''kis'' "first"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Distributive Numerals | ! Distributive Numerals | ||
| 54A || {{Yes|Marked by mixed or other strategies | | 54A || {{Yes|Marked by mixed or other strategies<br>e.g. ''khi'' "one each"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Numeral Classifiers | ! Numeral Classifiers | ||
| 55A || {{No|Numeral classifiers are absent}} | | 55A || {{No|Numeral classifiers are absent}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers | ! Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers | ||
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! Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes | ! Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes | ||
| 57A || {{Yes|Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary | | 57A || {{Yes|Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Obligatory Possessive Inflection | ! Obligatory Possessive Inflection | ||
| 58A || {{No|No obligatorily possessed nouns | | 58A || {{No|No obligatorily possessed nouns<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Number of Possessive Nouns | ! Number of Possessive Nouns | ||
| 58B || {{No|None reported | | 58B || {{No|None reported<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Possessive Classification | ! Possessive Classification | ||
| 59A || {{No|No possessive classification | | 59A || {{No|No possessive classification<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses | ! Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses | ||
| 60A || {{Yes|Highly differentiated | | 60A || {{Yes|Highly differentiated<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock", ''mur liviatan iruci'' "the dead whale"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Adjectives without Nouns | ! Adjectives without Nouns | ||
| 61A || {{Yes|Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix | | 61A || {{Yes|Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix<br>e.g. ''mur liviatan'' "dead whale", ''mura'' "dead one"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Action Nominal Constructions | ! Action Nominal Constructions | ||
| 62A || {{Yes|Possessive-Accusative: S/A treated as possessors, P retains sentential marking | | 62A || {{Yes|Possessive-Accusative: S/A treated as possessors, P retains sentential marking<br>e.g. ''bîbli nira aúdutas'' "my writing of the book"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Noun Phrase Conjunction | ! Noun Phrase Conjunction | ||
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!Order of Subject and Verb | !Order of Subject and Verb | ||
| 82A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant | | 82A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Object and Verb | !Order of Object and Verb | ||
| 83A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant | | 83A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb | !Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb | ||
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!Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | !Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | ||
| 85A || {{Yes|Postpositions | | 85A || {{Yes|Postpositions}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Genitive and Noun | !Order of Genitive and Noun | ||
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!Order of Adjective and Noun | !Order of Adjective and Noun | ||
| 87A || {{Yes|Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN) | | 87A || {{Yes|Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN)}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Demonstrative and Noun | !Order of Demonstrative and Noun | ||
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!Order of Numeral and Noun | !Order of Numeral and Noun | ||
| 89A || {{Yes|Numeral follows noun (NNum) | | 89A || {{Yes|Numeral follows noun (NNum)}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Relative Clause and Noun | !Order of Relative Clause and Noun | ||
| 90A || {{Yes|Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant | | 90A || {{Yes|Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Degree Word and Adjective | !Order of Degree Word and Adjective | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | !Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | ||
| 93A || {{Yes|Mixed, some interrogative phrases obligatorily initial, some not | | 93A || {{Yes|Mixed, some interrogative phrases obligatorily initial, some not}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause | !Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause | ||
| 94A || {{Yes|Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the end of the subordinate clause | | 94A || {{Yes|Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the end of the subordinate clause}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | !Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | ||
| 95A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | | 95A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Phrase | !Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Phrase | ||
| 96A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | | 96A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | !Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | ||
| 97A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types | | 97A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases | !Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases | ||
| 98A || {{Yes|Tripartite | | 98A || {{Yes|Tripartite}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | !Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | ||
| 99A || {{Yes|Tripartite | | 99A || {{Yes|Tripartite}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Alignment of Verbal Person Marking | !Alignment of Verbal Person Marking | ||
| 100A || {{Yes|Tripartite | | 100A || {{Yes|Tripartite}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | !Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | ||
| 101A || {{Yes|Pronominal subjects are expressed by clitics with variable host | | 101A || {{Yes|Pronominal subjects are expressed by clitics with variable host}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | !Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | ||
| 102A || {{Yes|Person marking of both the A and P arguments | | 102A || {{Yes|Person marking of both the A and P arguments}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking | !Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking | ||
| 103A || {{Yes|No zero realization of third person S forms | | 103A || {{Yes|No zero realization of third person S forms}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Order of Person Markers on the Verb | !Order of Person Markers on the Verb | ||
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!Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | !Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | ||
| 105A || {{Yes|Indirect-object construction | | 105A || {{Yes|Indirect-object construction}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Reciprocal Constructions | !Reciprocal Constructions | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Passive Constructions | !Passive Constructions | ||
| 107A || {{Yes|There is a passive construction | | 107A || {{Yes|There is a passive construction}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Antipassive Constructions | !Antipassive Constructions | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Applicative Constructions | !Applicative Constructions | ||
| 109A || {{Yes|No applicative construction | | 109A || {{Yes|No applicative construction}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Periphrastic Causative Constructions | !Periphrastic Causative Constructions | ||
| 110A || {{Yes|Both sequential type and purposive type | | 110A || {{Yes|Both sequential type and purposive type}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Non-Periphrastic Causative Constructions | !Non-Periphrastic Causative Constructions | ||
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!Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation | !Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation | ||
| 114A || {{Yes|Non-assignable (no asymmetry found) | | 114A || {{Yes|Non-assignable (no asymmetry found)}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation | !Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation | ||
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!Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals | !Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals | ||
| 120A || {{Yes|Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding<BR>e.g. ''’ûvil mur-us'', ''’ûl iru mur'' "the man is dead" | | 120A || {{Yes|Predicative adjectives have mixed encoding<BR>e.g. ''’ûvil mur-us'', ''’ûl iru mur'' "the man is dead"}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Comparative Constructions | !Comparative Constructions | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!'When' Clauses | !'When' Clauses | ||
| 126A || {{Yes|Balanced | | 126A || {{Yes|Balanced}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Reason Clauses | !Reason Clauses | ||
| 127A || {{Yes|Balanced | | 127A || {{Yes|Balanced}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Utterance Complement Clauses | !Utterance Complement Clauses | ||
| 128A || {{Yes|Balanced | | 128A || {{Yes|Balanced}} | ||
|} | |} | ||