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Logun: Difference between revisions
→Noun case
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| nativename = ijànja logun | | nativename = ijànja logun | ||
| pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃ | | pronunciation = iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃ | ||
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Logun | |||
| creator = User:Jukethatbox | | creator = User:Jukethatbox | ||
| created = 2025 | | created = 2025 | ||
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| minority = Teš | | minority = Teš | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ijànja logun'' [[ | '''Logun'''(<small>Logun:</small> ''ijànja logun'' [[IPA for Logun|[iʑa.nʑa ˈlo.kʊ̃]]]) is an Upé language and the native language of the Logun people(''obela logun'') of Minūrun and Tibirotak. It is one of the official languages of and the most spoken language of Minūrun with 12.3 million speakers, making up around 33.5% of the 36,718,418 strong Minurese population, most of them situated in the north-east of the country. It is also a prominent language of the Minurese vassal of Tibirotak, where it is spoken by around 12.3% of the population primarily in the south-east. | ||
Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun. | Together, these traditionally Logun lands are called the ''Njalogun'';{{efn|name=njalogun}} it is estimated that there are around 14,145,670 Logun people with around 78.1% who are monolingual Logun speakers; the highest rate of native monolingualism among all Minurese ethnic groups. Additionally, most bilingual Logun people are [[Teš|Teški]], and thus only speak Teš, also an Upé language, in addition to Logun. | ||
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The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun. | The following table shows these discrepancies and how they are pronounced in modern Logun. | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
! Graphemes !! [[ | ! Graphemes !! [[IPA for Logun|IPA]] !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
! k, g, q | ! k, g, q | ||
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It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters. | It has also been proposed that /ⁿʑ/ and /ⁿɕ/ are separate phonemes, such as in ''-nja'' "genitive case marker" and ''ja'' "what", though generally in these cases they are simply analysed as nasal-obstruent clusters. | ||
/ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[ | /ɫ/ is an allophone of /l/ after velarised plosives(excluding /k/), as in ''bh'''l'''adh'' [[IPA for Logun|[pˠɫadˠ]]] "ancient". | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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| a || colspan=2 | | | a || colspan=2 | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[ | Logun vowels contrast on nasality with oral and nasal vowels. These nasal vowels are generally orthographically represented by a proceeding ⟨n⟩; in the case of an oral vowel-nasal consonant cluster, the vowel is accented with a grave accent, for example ''den'' [[IPA for Logun|[ˈdẽ]]] "to move" vs ''dèn'' [[IPA for Logun|[ˈdɛn]]] "very". In the case of a nasal vowel-nasal consonant, the ⟨n⟩ is doubled, as in ''benun'' [[IPA for Logun|[pɛˈnʊ̃]]] "nut" vs ''bhenunn'' [[IPA for Logun|[ˈpˠɛnʊ̃n]]] "plateau". | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! fem. | ! fem. | ||
| ''mon'' || ''sèna'' | | ''mon'', ''mun'' || ''sèna'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! neut. | ! neut. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| ''-yo'' || ''bojukyo'' || ''ennuyo'' || ''ledenyo''{{efn|Can be pronounced [[ | | ''-yo'' || ''bojukyo'' || ''ennuyo'' || ''ledenyo''{{efn|Can be pronounced [[IPA for Logun|[lɛˈdẽjo]]] or [[IPA for Logun|[lɛˈdẽɲo]]].}} || to sister/to tree/to afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||