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'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית מאדערנית}}, ''ivris modernis'' or ), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ivris yisre'eilis''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]].


==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The Hebrew word for consonants is ''‘itzurį́'' ({{heb|עיצורים}}). The following table lists the Hebrew consonants and their pronunciation in [[IPA]] transcription:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants
|-
!
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
!colspan=2|[[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
![[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}}
| {{IPA|n}}
|
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
|{{IPA|p}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|b}}
|{{IPA|t}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|d}}
|
|
|{{IPA|k}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ɡ}}
| colspan=2|
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-align=center
![[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
| {{IPA|ts}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| {{IPA|tʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|dʒ}}
|
|
|colspan=2|
|
|-align=center
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| {{IPA|f}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|v}}
| {{IPA|s}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{IPA|ʒ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|χ}} || rowspan=2|{{IPA|ʁ}}
| {{IPA|h}}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|-align=center
![[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|{{IPA|l}}
|
|{{IPA|j}}
|{{IPA|w}}
|
|
|}
===Vowels===
Israeli Hebrew has 7 oral vowels and 6 nasal vowels, one of the largest vowel inventories of any Semitic language and the only ones with nasal vowels (also cf. [[w:Inor language|Inor]]). Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables.
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
![[Phoneme]]
! colspan=3|Example
|-
|{{IPA|/ɐ/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɐˈdø̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אדון}}
|'lord, sir'
|-
|{{IPA|/ã/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɐ̃ˈtsi/}}</span>
| {{heb|אמציא}}
|'I will invent'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ˈʔɛvẽ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אבן}}
|'stone'
|-
|{{IPA|/e/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ˈʔezɛʁ/}}</span>
| {{heb|עזר}}
|'aid'
|-
|{{IPA|/ẽ/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔẽ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אין}}
|'there is no'
|-
|{{IPA|/i/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔiʃ/}}</span>
| {{heb|איש}}
|'man'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɪ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɪ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אם}}
|'if'
|-
|{{IPA|/o/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔov/}}</span>
| {{heb|אב}}
|'father'
|-
|{{IPA|/ɔ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɔ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|עם}}
|'people, nation'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔøʁ/}}</span>
| {{heb|אור}}
|'light'
|-
|{{IPA|/ø̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔoˈsø̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אתון}}
|'she-donkey'
|-
|{{IPA|/u/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔäduˈmo/}}</span>
| {{heb|אדומה}}
|'red' (f. sg.)
|-
|{{IPA|/ʊ̃/}}
| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔʊ̃ˈnɔ̃/}}</span>
| {{heb|אומנם}}
|'indeed'
|}
==Grammar==
Modern Hebrew no longer observes the distinction between masculine plural and feminine plural pronouns, phonetically or orthographically (an edge case remains in the numeral + pronoun complexes שנינו/שתינו ''šnênu/štênu'' 'we two (m/f)', שניכם/שתיכם ''šnêchę/štêchę'' 'you two (m/f)' and שניהם/שתיהם ''šnêhę/štêhę'' 'they two (m/f)'). Gender in plural remains almost exclusively in nouns, adjectives, and the (participial) present tense, and numerals. Hence הלכתם (''holáchtę'' 'y'all went'); אתם הולכים\הולכות (''atę hølchį́/hølchǿs'' 'y'all go' (mp/fp)).
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