Oltic: Difference between revisions
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{{construction}} | {{construction}} | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = Oltic coat of arms.jpg | |||
|name = Oltic | |name = Oltic | ||
|nativename = Λῦτικη, Литике | |nativename = Λῦτικη, Литике | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Oltic''' / | '''Oltic''' /ˈoʊltɪk/ (<small>Oltic: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Λῦτικη, Литике [[IPA for Oltic|[ɫîtike]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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| /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /e/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/ | | /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /e/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ | ! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ | | /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan= | ! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=2 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan= | | /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=2 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
Unlike nouns, pronouns do not inflect. | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2"| !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|REFL}} !! {{gcl|RECP}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}} | |||
| μί || σνίς || μοί || ὰσρον || ζεῖμ || μίζε | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}} | |||
| τού || ζίς || τωύ || ζὲσρος || ζεῖτ || τούζε | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| {{gcl|3}} | |||
! {{gcl|M}} | |||
| ές || εῖς || colspan="2"| ζῶ || ζεῖς || rowspan="3"| σεῖ | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|F}} | |||
| σί || σῖ || colspan="2"| ζῆς || ζὲς | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|N}} | |||
| έδ || εῖδ || colspan="2"| ζῶν || ζεῖδ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|Q}}/{{gcl|REL}} | |||
! {{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|F}} | |||
| colspan="2"| πεῖς || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="4" rowspan="5"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|N}} | |||
| colspan="2"| πίδ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}} | |||
| colspan="2"| πέ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}} | |||
| colspan="2"| νέπε | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice, and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense. | Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense. | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | {| class="IPA wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | ||
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! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | ! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | ||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | ! {{gcl|PRES}} | ||
| -ι -ισι -ιτι -ιμου -ιτε -ιντι -ιντος -ιϝος | | -ι || -ισι || -ιτι || -ιμου || -ιτε || -ιντι || -ιντος || -ιϝος | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ||
| -ισσου || colspan="2" | -ισσι || -ισσομου -ισσετε -ισσον -ιμνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | | -ισσου || colspan="2" | -ισσι || -ισσομου || -ισσετε || -ισσον || -ιμνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ||
| -ινεν -ιτου -ι -ιμες -ιτες -ιντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | | -ινεν || -ιτου || -ι || -ιμες || -ιτες || -ιντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ||
| -ιζιμι -ιζισι -ιζιτι -ιζιμος -ιζιτε -ιζιντι | | -ιζιμι || -ιζισι || -ιζιτι || -ιζιμος || -ιζιτε || -ιζιντι | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ||
| -ιζιτεμι -ιζιτεσι -ιζιτετι -ιζιτεμος -ιζιτετε -ιζιτεντι | | -ιζιτεμι || -ιζιτεσι || -ιζιτετι || -ιζιτεμος || -ιζιτετε || -ιζιτεντι | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | ! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | ||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | ! {{gcl|PRES}} | ||
| -ι -ιτα || rowspan="2" | -ιτο || -ιμο -ιϝε -ιντο -ιτιος | | -ι || -ιτα || rowspan="2" | -ιτο || -ιμο || -ιϝε || -ιντο || -ιτιος | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτουνς -ιτος || rowspan="2"| -ιτουος | | style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ιτουνς || -ιτος || rowspan="2"| -ιτουος | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ||
| -ιτει || -ιντις -ιζος | | -ιτει || -ιντις || -ιζος | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | ||
| -ιζι -ιζιτα -ιζιτο -ιζιμο -ιζιϝε -ιζιντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | | -ιζι || -ιζιτα || -ιζιτο || -ιζιμο || -ιζιϝε || -ιζιντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | ||
| -ιζιτε -ιζιτετα -ιζιτετο -ιζιτεμο -ιζιτεϝε -ιζιτεντο | | -ιζιτε || -ιζιτετα || -ιζιτετο || -ιζιτεμο || -ιζιτεϝε || -ιζιτεντο | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | ! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}} | ||
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*Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''. | *Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''. | ||
*Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns. | *Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns. | ||
Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant. | |||
====Copula==== | |||
The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative. | |||
{{lyti-table-cop}} | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
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===Negation=== | ===Negation=== | ||
Noun, adjective, and adverb negation is marked with a preclitic ''νε''. A prefix ''αν-'' is also often used to negate adjectives and adverbs, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech. | |||
Verb negation is marked with a preceding negative copula; the negated verb is variably marked as if not negated or as a participle modifying the negative copula. | |||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
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'''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι. | '''Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι. | ||
''' | '''Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии анзи. | ||
{{interlinear | {{interlinear | ||