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===The Antarctican Sprachbund===
===The Antarctican Sprachbund===
As mentioned before, it is much less common for regional varieties of Antarctican to differ in their syntax and phonology. This is because the local languages of Antarctica form a very strong Sprachbund (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund), which have converged to have very similar phonologies and syntactic systems. Some examples of these areal features are:
As mentioned before, it is much less common for regional varieties of Antarctican to differ in their syntax and phonology. This is because the local languages of Antarctica form a very strong Sprachbund {{lg|Sprachbund}}, which have converged to have very similar phonologies and syntactic systems. Some examples of these areal features are:




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*A pitch register system (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(phonology)).
*A pitch register system {{lg|Register}}.
*Consonant voicing only being phonemic under certain specific conditions. In particular, a total lack of phonemic voicing of non-coronal fricatives.
*Consonant voicing only being phonemic under certain specific conditions. In particular, a total lack of phonemic voicing of non-coronal fricatives.
*Some kind of fortis / lenis contrast in obstruents, which often interacts with the pitch register system in some way. This contrast may be glottalisation (ejective or implosive), gemination or aspiration.
*Some kind of fortis / lenis contrast in obstruents, which often interacts with the pitch register system in some way. This contrast may be glottalisation (ejective or implosive), gemination or aspiration.
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Whether a verb is transitive or intransitive (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitivity_(grammar)) is very important in Antarctican syntax. Unlike English, where a verb such as "drag" can either be used transitively (as in the sentence "He was dragging his pants along the ground"), or intransitively (as in the sentence "His pants were dragging along the ground"), Antarctican uses distinct verb roots for each case e.g.
Whether a verb is transitive or intransitive {{lg|Transitivity}} is very important in Antarctican syntax. Unlike English, where a verb such as "drag" can either be used transitively (as in the sentence "He was dragging his pants along the ground"), or intransitively (as in the sentence "His pants were dragging along the ground"), Antarctican uses distinct verb roots for each case e.g.


 
 
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Antarctican has extremely productive antipassivisation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipassive_voice). There are two infixes, which depend on whether the verb has perfective or imperfective aspect.
Antarctican has extremely productive antipassivisation ({{lg|Antipassive_voice}}). There are two infixes, which depend on whether the verb has perfective or imperfective aspect.




<h5>Perfective Antipassive</h5>
<h5>Perfective Antipassive</h5>


This is used for when the action described by the verb is not viewed as having any internal structure (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect). It can be used for past, present or future actions e.g.
This is used for when the action described by the verb is not viewed as having any internal structure ({{lg|Perfective_aspect}}). It can be used for past, present or future actions e.g.




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<h5>Imperfective Antipassive</h5>
<h5>Imperfective Antipassive</h5>


This is used for ongoing, habitual and repeated action (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfective_aspect).
This is used for ongoing, habitual and repeated action ({{lg|Imperfective_aspect}}).


damamasùe          yuenpiluoy   
damamasùe          yuenpiluoy   
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===Basic Word Order===
===Basic Word Order===


Antarctican is a syntactically ergative (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_language#Syntactic_ergativity), topic-prominent language (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic-prominent_language). The basic word order is (Topic) (Ergative Noun) Verb (Absolutive Noun). So in intransitive sentences the word order is either V-S or S-V (if the subject is topicalised) e.g.
Antarctican is a syntactically ergative ({{lg|Ergative absolutive_language}}), topic-prominent language ({{lg|Topic-prominent_language}}). The basic word order is (Topic) (Ergative Noun) Verb (Absolutive Noun). So in intransitive sentences the word order is either V-S or S-V (if the subject is topicalised) e.g.




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===Relative Clauses===
===Relative Clauses===


These follow the noun they modify. There are no relative pronouns or relativising particles. However, the accessibility hierarchy is very important in Antarctican (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause#Accessibility_hierarchy). Only absolutive arguments (objects of transitive verbs and subjects of intransitive verbs) can be relativised. So the following two phrases are grammatical:
These follow the noun they modify. There are no relative pronouns or relativising particles. However, the accessibility hierarchy is very important in Antarctican ({{lg|Relative_clause#Accessibility_hierarchy}}). Only absolutive arguments (objects of transitive verbs and subjects of intransitive verbs) can be relativised. So the following two phrases are grammatical:




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===Ditransitives===
===Ditransitives===


Antarctican differs from English in that it has secundative alignment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundative_language). Take, for example, the following sentence:
Antarctican differs from English in that it has secundative alignment ({{lg|Secundative_language}}). Take, for example, the following sentence:




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