Minhast: Difference between revisions
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===== Unmarked Oblique===== | ===== Unmarked Oblique===== | ||
The Unmarked Oblique is in form indistinguishable from the Absolutive. However, it is identifiable in that is is always the noun phrase that lacks an agreement marker in the verb. Unmarked oblique nouns, when they appear, are usually patients of low transitivity verbs, or unindividuated patients of mid-transitivity verbs, e.g. ''Yak <u>eškat</u> pes-ek-araban'' "I was harvesting mushroooms". For perceptive verbs, their presence may differentiate non-volitional, unintentional, or accidental occurrences from deliberate, intentive ones, e.g. ''Yak kaslub šullum-ek-aran'' "I heard a dog", vs. ''Yakte kaslub šullum-ek-aru'' "I ''listened to'' the dog". | The Unmarked Oblique is in form indistinguishable from the Absolutive. However, it is identifiable in that is is always the noun phrase that lacks an agreement marker in the verb. Unmarked oblique nouns, when they appear, are usually patients of low transitivity verbs, or unindividuated patients of mid-transitivity verbs, e.g. ''Yak <u>eškat</u> pes-ek-araban'' "I was harvesting mushroooms". For perceptive verbs, their presence may differentiate non-volitional, unintentional, or accidental occurrences from deliberate, intentive ones, e.g. ''Yak <u>kaslub</u> šullum-ek-aran'' "I heard a dog", vs. ''Yakte kaslub šullum-ek-aru'' "I ''listened to'' the dog". | ||
Unmarked obliques are often considered adjuncts, non-essential information provided only | Unmarked obliques are often considered adjuncts, non-essential information provided only to provide more information, so it is not surprising that they are frequently converted to antitopics via postposed ''wa=''binding, e.g. ''Yakte šullum-ek-aran, wak<u>kaslub</u>.'' | ||
====Tense-Aspect Marking==== | ====Tense-Aspect Marking==== | ||
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Unlike other verb slots, where the affixes are strictly ordered in relation to each other, the affixes in the Preverb 3 slot exhibit free order, or to be more precise, they are scope-ordered. Within this slot, a given affix exhibits scope over the element immediately to its right. With few exceptions, several affixes may occur simultaneously, limited only by whether the combination "makes sense", i.e. the resulting semantic meaning is felicitous. | Unlike other verb slots, where the affixes are strictly ordered in relation to each other, the affixes in the Preverb 3 slot exhibit free order, or to be more precise, they are scope-ordered. Within this slot, a given affix exhibits scope over the element immediately to its right. With few exceptions, several affixes may occur simultaneously, limited only by whether the combination "makes sense", i.e. the resulting semantic meaning is felicitous. | ||
The positional variability within this slot traces back to an earlier stage in the language when these affixes were originally independent words in either a preposed-''wa'' construction, or verb-verb apposition structure. These older analytic structures were eventually reanalyzed and | The positional variability within this slot traces back to an earlier stage in the language when these affixes were originally independent words in either a preposed-''wa'' construction, or verb-verb apposition structure. These older analytic structures were eventually reanalyzed and grammaticalized, ultimately fusing both phonologically and morphologically into the verb complex. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable mw-collapsible" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable mw-collapsible" | ||