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==Phylogeny== | ==Phylogeny== | ||
*Western Azzanic | *Western Azzanic | ||
**[[Old Tergetian]] | |||
***Modern [[Tergetian]] | |||
***hyper-Terg | |||
*Eastern Azzanic | |||
**[[Rozzino]] | **[[Rozzino]] | ||
**[[ʔAškāsīnių]] | **[[ʔAškāsīnių]] | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Revision as of 18:34, 6 May 2016
The Azzanic languages (Tergetian: sa-brìs Azzàinìne) are a family of consonantal-root languages spoken on the Wiebian subcontinent, as well as on a set of islands off of the North Wiebian Sea, including Tergetian, ʔAškāsīnių (čegānų ʔAškāsīnių) and Rozzino. They are descended from Proto-Azzanic (PAzz).
Origin
The Azzanic languages bear the name of the legendary hero Azzàn, reconstructed as *ʔAzzānum, to whom Tergetians and ʔAškāsīnians trace their descent.
Phylogeny
- Western Azzanic
- Old Tergetian
- Modern Tergetian
- hyper-Terg
- Old Tergetian
- Eastern Azzanic
Phonology
Phylogeny
ʔAškāsīnių in particular is extremely conservative, distinguishing between all 28 consonants of Proto-Azzanic.
Phonology
Consonants
Proto-Azzanic is reconstructed with 28 consonants.
| Labial | Denti-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | ||||||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | |||||||
| Plosive | plain | *p | *t | *ṭ | *k | *q | *ʔ | ||
| voiced | *b | *d | *ḍ | *g | *ɢ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | *þ *s | *ś | *h | |||||
| voiced | *ð *z | *ź | |||||||
| Affricate | plain | *c | *ć | ||||||
| voiced | *ʒ | *ʒ́ | |||||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | |||||||
| Liquid | *r | *l | |||||||
Consonant correspondences
| PAzz | *p | *b | *t | *d | *þ | *ð | *s | *z | *c | *ʒ | *ś | *ź | *ć | *ʒ́ | *ṭ | *ḍ | *k | *g | *q | *ɢ | *m | *n | *l | *r | *y | *w | *ʔ | *h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tergetian | p | b | t | d | t | d | s | z | s | z | ś | ź | ŧ | đ | ṭ | ḍ | c | g | q | ġ | m | n | l | r | ˀ, coloring | f, coloring | ˀ | ˀ |
| Rozzino | p | b | t | d | f | v | s | ż | z | ż | sci | sgi | ci | gi | ci | gi | c(h) | g(h) | qu | gu | m | n | l | r | gi, coloring | v, coloring | [ʔ] | h [ʔ] |
| ʔAškāsīnių | f | b | t | d | þ | ð | s | z | c | dz | š | ž | č | dž | ṭ | ḍ | k | g | q | ʕ | m | n | l | r | j | v | ʔ | h |
Vowels
Similar to Baltic:
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū |
| Mid | *ō | |
| Open | *e *ē | *a *ā |
| Diphthongs | *ey *ew | *ay *aw |
Suprasegmentals
Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the first syllable.
Phonotactics
Morphology
Proto-Azzanic had Philippine alignment as does Rozzino and ʔAškāsīnių. Verb-initial clauses were the norm as in Semitic and Austronesian languages. Primitive Tergetian had changed this alignment into a nominative-accusative system.
Nouns
Nouns and adjectives declined for three cases: direct, indirect and genitive.
| First declension: *kullum 'bird' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *kullum | *kulles |
| Indirect | *kullās | *kullēm |
| Genitive | *kullī | *kullām |
| Second declension: *ripṭus 'throat' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *ripṭus | *ripṭās |
| Indirect | *ripṭay | *ripṭum |
| Genitive | *ripṭūs | *ripṭa |
| Third declension: *ʕattis 'horn' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *ʕattis | *ʕattēs |
| Indirect | *ʕattey | *ʕattim |
| Genitive | *ʕattīs | *ʕatte |
Verbs
Verbs had an extensive trigger system marked by various binyanim. Verbs also inflected for the tense and subject (the argument in the direct case).
Numerals
Derivational morphology
Syntax
There was an emphatic clitic =is added to verbs.