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Nga: Difference between revisions

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=== Vowel Harmony ===
=== Vowel Harmony ===
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɜi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ʉe̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɜi̯ oi̯ ou̯ ʉɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.


=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
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=== Syntax ===
=== Syntax ===
The basic word order is VSO.
The basic word order is VSO.
Sentence particles are placed sentence-finally by default, but sentence-initially if said in surprise or exclamation.


=== Morphology ===
=== Morphology ===
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Potential subject: -''hći'' [-ht͡ɕi]
Potential subject: -''hći'' [-ht͡ɕi]
==== Sentence Particles ====
Interrogative: ''wa'' [wɑ]
Additive: ''qe'' [qe]
Contrastic, emphatic: ''m'ai'' [mʔai̯]


== Translations ==
== Translations ==
{|
{|
|+'''Vultu tsumsu.'''
| colspan="4" |'''Vultu tsumsu.'''
|-
|-
| colspan="4" |[βʉltʉ t͡sʉmsʉ]
| colspan="4" |[βʉltʉ t͡sʉmsʉ]
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| colspan="4" |“Lightning struck.”
| colspan="4" |“Lightning struck.”
|}
|}
-
{|
{|
|+'''Oućtokhai.'''
| colspan="3" |'''Oućtokhai.'''
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |[ou̯t͡ɕtokhai̯]
| colspan="3" |[ou̯t͡ɕtokhai̯]
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| colspan="3" |“There is a person.”
| colspan="3" |“There is a person.”
|}
|}
-
{|
{|
|+'''Oumsumyi.'''
| colspan="3" |'''Oumsumyi.'''
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |[ou̯msumji]
| colspan="3" |[ou̯msumji]
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!English
!English
!Meaning
!Meaning
|-
!ńe
|[ɲe]
|air
|Air, temperature, aura, vibe, humidity, vague sense
|-
|-
!ku
!ku
|[kʉ]
|[kʉ]
|alone
|alone
| -
|-
!lai
|[lai̯]
|art
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|[mi]
|[mi]
|blank
|blank
| -
|-
!ui
|[ui̯]
|body
| -
|-
!kô
|[kɔ]
|bug
| -
|-
!mai
|[mai̯]
|cat
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|square
|square
|-
!ngë
|[ŋɜ]
|day
| -
|-
!buu
|[bʉː]
|dog
| -
|-
|-
!vu
!vu
|[βʉ]
|[βʉ]
|down
|down
| -
|-
!xuu
|[xʉː]
|fire
| -
|-
!lu
|[lʉ]
|fish
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|[mo]
|[mo]
|hold
|hold
| -
|-
!më
|[mɜ]
|horse
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|[t͡sʉ]
|[t͡sʉ]
|lightning
|lightning
| -
|-
!ćöi
|[t͡ɕøi̯]
|mouse
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|music
|music
| -
| -
|-
!yoe
|[joe̯]
|night
| -
|-
!ka
|[kɑ]
|nonliving
|Also used for corpses or food.
|-
|-
!ou
!ou
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|[ɔi̯]
|[ɔi̯]
|sea
|sea
| -
|-
!tsi
|[t͡si]
|sick
|Also used for dead plants.
|-
!ćui
|[t͡ɕui̯]
|side
|Region associated with a side, not a face of an object.
|-
!mui
|[mui̯]
|sleep
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|speak
|speak
| -
| -
|-
!ńbue
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯]
|style
|Also refers to modification or variation.
|-
|-
!ti
!ti
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|[mʉ]
|[mʉ]
|together
|together
| -
|-
!süü
|[syː]
|wind
| -
| -
|-
|-
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!1
!1
!2
!2
|-
!ćeńbue
|će
|ńbue
|[t͡ɕe<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉe̯]
!snowflake
|ice
|style
| -
|-
|-
!ćevü
!ćevü
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|sea
|sea
|land
|land
| -
|-
!kamui
|ka
|mui
|[kɑmui̯]
!inactive
|nonliving
|sleep
| -
|-
!kui
|ku
|i
|[kʉi]
!density
|alone
|small
| -
|-
!kulai
|ku
|lai
|[kʉlai̯]
!art supply
|alone
|art
| -
|-
!kumi
|ku
|mi
|[kʉmi]
!empty
|alone
|blank
|Also used for “having nothing” as a verb, or “being nothing” as an identity adjective. Does not often refer to objective emptiness.
|-
!kungë
|ku
|nge
|[kuŋɜ]
!pure
|alone
|clean
|Also used to express origin, the concept of English's metaphorical “core”, and removal of excess information/detail.
|-
!kuńi
|ku
|ńi
|[kʉɲi]
!intake
|alone
|come
|Also refers to accepting and receiving.
|-
!kupô
|ku
|pô
|[kupɔ]
!volume
|alone
|big
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|light
|light
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|-
!laina
|lai
|na
|[lai̯nɑ]
!art of quality
|art
|plant
|Refers more specifically to art the artist put a lot of effort into rather than an aesthetic result.
|-
!laina
|lai
|na
|[lai̯nɑ]
!novel
|art
|plant
| -
|-
!lainge
|lai
|nge
|[lai̯ŋe]
!cartoon
|art
|clean
|Refers more to the cartoon style than animation itself. Also refers to line art or unrendered art.
|-
|-
!miće
!miće
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|come
|come
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
!muika
|mui
|ka
|[mui̯kɑ]
!dead
|sleep
|nonliving
|Not used for dead plants.
|-
|-
!muou
!muou
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|tall
|tall
| -
| -
|-
!ńbueće
|ńbue
|će
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯t͡ɕɜ]
!ice variant
|style
|ice
| -
|-
!ńbueou
|ńbue
|ou
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯ou̯]
!personality
|style
|person
|Also refers to archetype.
|-
|-
!ńiôi
!ńiôi
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|sea
|sea
| -
| -
|-
!ngańbue
|nga
|ńbue
|[ŋɑ<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯]
!dialect
|speak
|style
|Also refers to idiolect.
|-
|-
!ngekü
!ngekü
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