Mirmio: Difference between revisions
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Mirmio can substitute both noun and verb positions with a content clause. Uninflected content clauses are marked with a preclitic (''dl-'' before a vowel, ''dlõ-'' before a consonant) attached to the first word of the content clause. | Mirmio can substitute both noun and verb positions with a content clause. Uninflected content clauses are marked with a preclitic (''dl-'' before a vowel, ''dlõ-'' before a consonant) attached to the first word of the content clause. | ||
In example (1a), ''dl-'' is cliticized onto the animacy marker of the clause ''ácv dja'ukuh | In example (1a), ''dl-'' is cliticized onto the animacy marker of the clause ''ácv dja'ukuh rlòxnj'', allowng the clause to be placed in the initiator positon of “_ qùulkf nji'hu.” | ||
1a) | 1a) | ||
:: '''''Dl'''ácv dja'ukuh | :: '''''Dl'''ácv dja'ukuh rlòxnj qùulkf nji'hu.'' | ||
:: '''Dl='''ácv dja'uku.h rlòx-nj | :: '''Dl='''ácv dja'uku.h rlòx-nj qùul-kf nji'hu | ||
:: '''{{sc|ccm}}='''{{sc|anim}} horse.{{sc|nsd}} run-{{sc|sv | :: '''{{sc|ccm}}='''{{sc|anim}} horse.{{sc|nsd}} run-{{sc|sv}} see-{{sc|g3 1sg.g3}} | ||
:: *I see the horse running itself. | :: *I see the horse running itself. | ||
:: “I see a horse running around.” | :: “I see a horse running around.” | ||
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1b) | 1b) | ||
:: ''Ácv '''dlõ''' ácv dja'ukuh | :: ''Ácv '''dlõ''' ácv dja'ukuh rlòxnj qùulkf nji'hu.'' | ||
:: Ácv '''dlõ''' ácv dja'uku.h rlòx-nj | :: Ácv '''dlõ''' ácv dja'uku.h rlòx-nj qùul-kf nji'hu | ||
:: {{sc|anim}} '''{{sc|ccm}}''' {{sc|anim}} horse.{{sc|nsd}} run-{{sc|sv | :: {{sc|anim}} '''{{sc|ccm}}''' {{sc|anim}} horse.{{sc|nsd}} run-{{sc|sv}} see-{{sc|g3 1sg.g3}} | ||
:: *I see the horse running itself. | :: *I see the horse running itself. | ||
:: “The horse running around draws my attention to it.” | :: “The horse running around draws my attention to it.” | ||
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2a) | 2a) | ||
:: ''Djá'ukuh'enj | :: ''Djá'ukuh''''enj''' rlòxnj qùulkf nji'hu.'' | ||
:: Djá'uku.h=enj rlòx-nj | :: Djá'uku.h'''=enj''' rlòx-nj qùul-kf nji'hu | ||
:: horse.{{sc|nsd}} | :: horse.{{sc|nsd}}'''={{sc|icr}}''' run-{{sc|sv}} see-{{sc|g3 1sg.g3}} | ||
:: *I see the horse running. | :: *I see the horse running. | ||
:: “I see | :: “I see a horse that is running.” | ||
Example (2b) shows the complementizer ''kjĩ'ĩ'', instead of the clitic ''-enj'', taking the animacy marker ''ácv'' that corresponds to the modifiee. | |||
2b) | 2b) | ||
:: ''Djá'ukuh ácv '''kjĩ'ĩ''' rlòxnj qùulkf nji'hu.'' | |||
:: Djá'uku.h ácv '''kjĩ'ĩ''' rlòx-nj qùul-kf nji'hu | |||
:: horse.{{sc|nsd}} {{sc|anim}} '''{{sc|icr}}''' run-{{sc|sv}} see-{{sc|g3 1sg.g3}} | |||
:: *I see the horse running itself. | |||
:: “I see a horse that is running around.” | |||
Example (2c) uses the same sentence as (2b) but with an additional relative clause. The discontinuous clitic (''-n'') is used to mark that the noun ''djá'ukuh'' takes an associate role in the second relative clause ''xjiithnj'', while the ''kjĩ'ĩ'' remains marking the noun as the initiator in the first relative clause ''rlòxnj''. | |||
2c) | |||
:: ''Djá'ukuh ácv kjĩ'ĩ rlòxnj'''n''' xjiithnj qùulkf nji'hu.'' | |||
:: Djá'uku.h ácv kjĩ'ĩ rlòx-nj'''=n''' qùul-kf nji'hu | |||
:: horse.{{sc|nsd}} {{sc|anim}} {{sc|icr}} run-{{sc|sv}}'''={{sc|adr}}''' neigh-{{sc|sv}} see-{{sc|g3 1sg.g3}} | |||
:: *I see the horse running itself neighing. | |||
:: “I see a horse that is running around and neighing.” | |||
==== Merged Clauses ==== | ==== Merged Clauses ==== | ||