Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
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==Development== | ==Development== | ||
Húsnorsk's phonological history is, | Húsnorsk's phonological history after Pre-Húsnorsk is deeply understood, though the development of certain consonants and vowels isn't fully understood, such as the mechanism behind Old Norse initial /x/ to Nygadsnorsk /k/, which is extremely poorly understood as it's not known what caused it nor where it happens. | ||
The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized.. | The following are the reconstructed phonological and grammatical changes between Old West Norse and Húsnorsk. Grammatical changes will be italicized.. | ||
===Varhúsnorsk=== | ===Varhúsnorsk=== | ||
*/xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels. | */xʷ/ to /x/, the lost labialization affects the vowel, rounding or raising vowels. | ||
*/ʀ/ to /j/ | */ʀ/ to /j/ | ||
*/Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains. | */Vl/ to /Vu̯/, but /Vl:/ to /Vu̯d/ (where /V/ is any vowel, /ul/ to /uː/), syllabic /l/ seemingly remains. | ||
*/rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/ | */rn, rm/ to /tn, pm/ | ||
*''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.'' | *''Dative leveled to -i/-inū/-ū/-unū.'' | ||
*/ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point | */ð, ɣ/ lost between two sonorants (/r, l, n, m, j, w/, but for some reason not OEN ʀ, which had merged with /j/ at this point | ||
*<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals | *<sup>?</sup> /st/ to /s/ after consonants, especially nasals | ||
*final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna) | *final nasals to nasalization when following a vowel, this always occurs in inflectional endings regardless if it's word final or not (see -anna > -ãna) | ||
*Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | *Devoicing of stops in contact with /s/ | ||
*/-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/) | */-u̯/ to /-y̯/ after round vowels (so /øu/ > /øy/) | ||
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===Nygadsnorsk=== | ===Nygadsnorsk=== | ||
*Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | *Diphthong flattening: /au, ɛu, eu, iu, øu, yu, ɔu, ou/ /ɔː, øː, øː, yː, yː, yː, oː, uː/ | ||
**Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/) | **Diphthong flattening continues after with /-j/. (thus "alr" becomes "œ" /œː/) | ||
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*/rː/ to /ʒ/ | */rː/ to /ʒ/ | ||
*splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change. | *splitting of /eː/ into /je/, this isn't a complete sound change. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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! rowspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | | ||
! colspan=2 | Front | ! colspan=2 | Front | ||
! rowspan=2 | Back | ! rowspan=2 | Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| i | | i | ||
| y | | y | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| e | | e | ||
| ø | | ø | ||
| o | | o | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-Low | ! Mid-Low | ||
| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| | | | ||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ɑ | | ɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
#All vowels | #All vowels can be long, /u, y/ can be overlong (from Proto-Norse /uːl, yːl/) | ||
===Nygadsnorsk=== | ===Nygadsnorsk=== | ||
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#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | #/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | ||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so. | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so. | ||
# | #:Proper names form a major exception to this. | ||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. | ||
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormj" /opmʲ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | ||
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! rowspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | | ||
! colspan=2 | Front | ! colspan=2 | Front | ||
! rowspan=2 | Back | ! rowspan=2 | Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| i | | i | ||
| y | | y | ||
| u | | u | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| e | | e | ||
| ø | | ø | ||
| o | | o | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid-Low | ! Mid-Low | ||
| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| | | | ||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ɑ | | ɑ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
#All vowels | #All vowels can be long and overlong. | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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| ben | | ben | ||
|- | |- | ||
|9||{{sc|2sg pronoun (you) | |9||{{sc|2sg pronoun}} (you) | ||
| þú | | þú | ||
| þū | | þū | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|14||{{sc|1sg pronoun (I) | |14||{{sc|1sg pronoun}} (I) | ||
| ek | | ek | ||
| iak | | iak | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|35||{{sc|3sg pronoun (they) | |35||{{sc|3sg pronoun}} (they) | ||
| hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n) | | hann (m)</br>hǫ́n (f)</br>þat (n) | ||
| han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n) | | han(n) (m)</br>hōn (f)</br>þæt? (n) | ||
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#Not cognate | #Not cognate | ||
:::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell". | :::"spá" from Old Norse "spá", meaning "to foretell". | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:A posteriori]] | |||
[[Category:Germanic languages]] | |||