Gutisch Razde: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "{{WIP}} Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language..."
 
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Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.
Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: '''гутиш''') is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.


== Phonology ==


=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!  
!  
Line 26: Line 28:
*In loanwords only
*In loanwords only


The vowels of Gutisch are unusual for  
The vowel inventory of Gutisch is rather small for a Germanic language: it hosts only six different kinds of vowels, five of which can be lengthened.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes of Mariupol Gothic
|+ Vowel phonemes of Gutisch Razde
!        !! Front !! Central !! Back
!        !! Front !! Central !! Back
|-
|-
Line 48: Line 50:
=== Strong Masculine Stems ===
=== Strong Masculine Stems ===


{| class="wikitable"
The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''dachs'' (day):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
|-
| Nominative || razde || razdes
! Nominative
| dachs || dages
|-
! Accusative
| dach || dagens
|-
! Dative
| dage || dagem
|-
! Genitive
| dages || dage
|-
|}
 
=== Weak Masculine Stems ===
 
Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, ''miene'' (moon):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Accusative
| miene || mienens
|-
! Dative
| mienen || mienem
|-
! Genitive
| mienens || mienene
|-
|}
 
=== Strong Feminine Stems ===
Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, ''razde'' (language):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Accusative
| razde || razdes
|-
! Dative
| razde || razdem
|-
! Genitive
| razdes || razde
|-
|}
 
=== Weak Feminine Stems ===
 
Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, ''tunge'' (tongue):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| tunge || tungens
|-
! Accusative
| tungen || tungens
|-
! Dative
| tungen || tungem
|-
! Genitive
| tungens || tungene
|-
|}
 
=== Strong Neuter Stems ===
 
Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, ''broeth'' (bread):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Accusative
| broeth || broede
|-
! Dative
| broede || broedem
|-
! Genitive
| broedes || broede
|-
|}
 
=== Weak Neuter Stems ===
 
Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, ''oege''* (eye):
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Case !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| oege || oegene
|-
! Accusative
| oege || oegene
|-
|-
| Accusative || razde || razdes
! Dative
| oegen || oegem
|-
|-
| Dative || razde || razdem
! Genitive
| oegens || oegene
|-
|-
| Genitive || razdes || razde
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 02:20, 1 April 2026

Gutisch Razde, or simply Gutisch (Cyrillic: гутиш) is a Germanic language spoken by approximately 45,000 people on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula. It is an East Germanic language, closely related to Biblical Gothic, however the language is not a lineal descendant of Biblical Gothic. Nonetheless the speakers refer to themselves as "Goths" and their language still shares enough similarities with Gothic to be considered related. The language is critically endangered, with only a handful of native speakers remaining, with most acquiring the language as an L2.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d t͡ʃ k *g
Fricative f v θ s z ʃ x ɣ
Liquid r l
Approximant w j
  • In loanwords only

The vowel inventory of Gutisch is rather small for a Germanic language: it hosts only six different kinds of vowels, five of which can be lengthened.

Vowel phonemes of Gutisch Razde
Front Central Back
Close i iː u uː
Mid e eː ə* ɔ ɔː
Open a aː
  • In unstressed syllables only

Nouns

Strong Masculine Stems

The largest category of nouns in Gutisch are the strong masculine nouns. They derive from the masculine Proto-Germanic a-, i-, and u-stems, as well as a handful of consonant stems. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, dachs (day):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative dachs dages
Accusative dach dagens
Dative dage dagem
Genitive dages dage

Weak Masculine Stems

Weak masculine stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem masculine nouns. Example of a weak masculine stem noun, miene (moon):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative miene mienens
Accusative miene mienens
Dative mienen mienem
Genitive mienens mienene

Strong Feminine Stems

Strong feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ō-, ī- and jō-stem feminine nouns. Example of a strong feminine stem noun, razde (language):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative razde razdes
Accusative razde razdes
Dative razde razdem
Genitive razdes razde

Weak Feminine Stems

Weak feminine stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic ōn- and in-stem feminine nouns. Example of a weak feminine stem noun, tunge (tongue):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative tunge tungens
Accusative tungen tungens
Dative tungen tungem
Genitive tungens tungene

Strong Neuter Stems

Strong neuter stems are made up of former Proto-Germanic a- and u-stem neuters. Example of a strong neuter stem noun, broeth (bread):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative broeth broede
Accusative broeth broede
Dative broede broedem
Genitive broedes broede

Weak Neuter Stems

Mariupol Gothic weak neuter stems are inherited exclusively from Proto-Germanic an-stem neuters. Example of a weak neuter stem noun, oege* (eye):

Case Singular Plural
Nominative oege oegene
Accusative oege oegene
Dative oegen oegem
Genitive oegens oegene
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