Elvarri: Difference between revisions
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Similarly to [[w:Latin|Latin]] in the real world, Elvarri did not undergo [[w:Language death|language death]], but rather evolved into regional dialects and then distinct languages, including [[Hoklevar]], [[Hespadrin]], [[Whitereed]], [[Tasparin]], [[Macatranese]], [[Amtarese]], [[Moonhind]] and various isolated Inner Water island languages collectively called [[Insular Levarian]]. However, it remained a significantly used common language long after it was no longer spoken as a native language, due to its large influence on scientific, economic, military, horological and naval vocabulary; this dominance remained till the 12th century, when modern languages largely supplanted its traditional use. | Similarly to [[w:Latin|Latin]] in the real world, Elvarri did not undergo [[w:Language death|language death]], but rather evolved into regional dialects and then distinct languages, including [[Hoklevar]], [[Hespadrin]], [[Whitereed]], [[Tasparin]], [[Macatranese]], [[Amtarese]], [[Moonhind]] and various isolated Inner Water island languages collectively called [[Insular Levarian]]. However, it remained a significantly used common language long after it was no longer spoken as a native language, due to its large influence on scientific, economic, military, horological and naval vocabulary; this dominance remained till the 12th century, when modern languages largely supplanted its traditional use. | ||
Elvarri is a [[w:Synthetic language|synthetic]], strictly | Elvarri is a [[w:Synthetic language|synthetic]], strictly SOV, adjective-noun and informally [[w:Pro-drop language|pro-drop]] language with a complex system of [[w:Grammatical|case inflections]], verb inflections, and a twoway [[w:Animacy|animacy]] distinction of animate and inanimate. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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! rowspan=2 | Singular | ! rowspan=2 | Singular | ||
! inanimate | ! inanimate | ||
| rowspan=2 | — || ''-i'' || ''-os'' || ''-ta'' || ''-si'' || ''-es'' || ''- | | rowspan=2 | — || ''-i'' || ''-os'' || ''-ta'' || ''-si'' || ''-es'' || ''-as'' || ''-to'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! animate | ! animate | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| ''rukum'' || ''rukumi'' || ''rukumos'' || ''rukumta'' || ''rukumsi'' || ''rukumes'' || '' | | ''rukum'' || ''rukumi'' || ''rukumos'' || ''rukumta'' || ''rukumsi'' || ''rukumes'' || ''rukumas'' || ''rukumto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Paucal | ! Paucal | ||
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|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Animacy==== | ====Animacy==== | ||
Nouns in Elvarri are categorised into either '''animate''' or '''inanimate''' nouns, with their case endings differing based on this animacy. Generally, living things such as {{l|elva|dud}} "tree", {{l|elva|tokis}} "child" or {{l|elva|vanu}} "mother" are inflected as animate, while objects are inflected as inanimate, as in {{l|elva|rukum}} "bread", {{l|elva|farfa}} "flatbread" and {{l|elva|gort}} "container, bottle". However, there are many exceptions to this rule, with many nouns that are ostensibly animate taking on inanimate inflections and vice versa. For example, {{l|elva|vard}}, meaning "meeting spot, meeting place" or by extension "city, ward, town, seaport", is animate, despite referring to a location, which would logically be inanimate (as in {{l|elva|kin}} "field"). These exceptions are usually because the words already imply people are involved; a ''vard'', for example, could not feasibly exist without people to build it or decide on its location. | Nouns in Elvarri are categorised into either '''animate''' or '''inanimate''' nouns, with their case endings differing based on this animacy. Generally, living things such as {{l|elva|dud}} "tree", {{l|elva|tokis}} "child" or {{l|elva|vanu}} "mother" are inflected as animate, while objects are inflected as inanimate, as in {{l|elva|rukum}} "bread", {{l|elva|farfa}} "flatbread" and {{l|elva|gort}} "container, bottle". However, there are many exceptions to this rule, with many nouns that are ostensibly animate taking on inanimate inflections and vice versa. For example, {{l|elva|vard}}, meaning "meeting spot, meeting place" or by extension "city, ward, town, seaport", is animate, despite referring to a location, which would logically be inanimate (as in {{l|elva|kin}} "field"). These exceptions are usually because the words already imply people are involved; a ''vard'', for example, could not feasibly exist without people to build it or decide on its location. | ||
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Ordinal numbers are derived from cardinal numbers and are generally inflected with ''-er'' if odd and ''-et'' if even. However, all multiples of 10 are inflected to be ordinal with a separate suffix, ''-oi''. | Ordinal numbers are derived from cardinal numbers and are generally inflected with ''-er'' if odd and ''-et'' if even. However, all multiples of 10 are inflected to be ordinal with a separate suffix, ''-oi''. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
===Personal pronouns=== | |||
Unlike regular nouns, personal pronouns are inflected on only five of the eight [[#Case|noun cases]], with the exception of the inanimate third-person pronouns which are inflected on seven. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Genitive !! Dative !! Locative !! Instrumental !! Perlative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | First</br>person | |||
! singular | |||
| ''bo'' || ''ba'' || ''bu'' || ''bes'' || ''abo'' || colspan=2 rowspan=4 | | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| ''vo'' || ''va'' || ''vu'' || ''ves'' || ''avo'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Second</br>person | |||
! singular | |||
| ''ne'' || ''nya'' || ''nu'' || ''nes'' || ''ans'' | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| ''glei'' || ''gla'' || ''glau'' || ''glaves'' || ''aglei'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Inanimate</br>third</br>person | |||
! singular | |||
| ''i'' || ''un'' || ''hea'' || ''ier'' || ''aier'' || ''eris'' || ''eras'' | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| ''ovo'' || ''ova'' || ''ou'' || ''oves'' || ''auvo'' || ''averis'' || ''averas'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Animate</br>third</br>person | |||
! singular | |||
| ''tad'' || ''tar'' || ''tor'' || ''ter'' || ''ater'' || ''teris'' || ''teras'' | |||
|- | |||
! plural | |||
| ''evo'' || ''eva'' || ''ou'' || ''eves'' || ''aivo'' || ''leris'' || ''leras'' | |||
|} | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Swadesh=== | ===Swadesh=== | ||
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|narrow= | |narrow= | ||
|thin= | |thin= | ||
|woman= | |woman=kavin | ||
|man (adult male)= | |man (adult male)=tades | ||
|man (human being)=hosep | |man (human being)=hosep | ||
|child=tokis | |child=tokis | ||