Elvarri: Difference between revisions
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{{ipa|/ɛ ɔ/}} become {{ipa|/e o/}} in unstressed syllables. {{ipa|/u/}} was also often dropped between a velar consonant and any other consonant, rendering the latter consonant syllabic, as in ''k'''u'''ruk'' "tailor" [[Help:IPA|[ˈkr̩uk]]]. | {{ipa|/ɛ ɔ/}} become {{ipa|/e o/}} in unstressed syllables. {{ipa|/u/}} was also often dropped between a velar consonant and any other consonant, rendering the latter consonant syllabic, as in ''k'''u'''ruk'' "tailor" [[Help:IPA|[ˈkr̩uk]]]. | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
Grammatically, Elvarri is a [[w:Synthetic language|synthetic]], mostly [[w:Fusional language|fusional]] [[w:Nominative-accusative language|nominative-accusative]] language. [[w:Noun|Nouns]] (''malor''), [[w:Adjective|adjectives]] (''hemerei'') and [[w:Pronoun|pronouns]] ('' | Grammatically, Elvarri is a [[w:Synthetic language|synthetic]], mostly [[w:Fusional language|fusional]] [[w:Nominative-accusative language|nominative-accusative]] language. [[w:Noun|Nouns]] (''malor''), [[w:Adjective|adjectives]] (''hemerei'') and [[w:Pronoun|pronouns]] (''iomalor'') are inflected on [[w:Animacy|animacy]], [[w:Grammatical number|number]] and [[w:Grammatical case|case]]. Personal pronouns are also often dropped in spoken or colloquial speech, though only if the subject could be inferred; this is discouraged in standardised literary language. [[w:Verb|Verbs]] are inflected on tense, mood, and (to an extent) [[w:Grammatical person|person]]. | ||
===Personal pronouns=== | ===Personal pronouns=== | ||
Unlike regular nouns, personal pronouns are inflected on only five of the eight [[#Case|noun cases]], with the exception of the inanimate third-person pronouns which are inflected on seven. | Unlike regular nouns, personal pronouns are inflected on only five of the eight [[#Case|noun cases]], with the exception of the inanimate third-person pronouns which are inflected on seven. | ||
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! rowspan=2 | First</br>person | ! rowspan=2 | First</br>person | ||
! singular | ! singular | ||
| ''bo'' || '' | | ''bo'' || ''bas'' || ''bu'' || ''bes'' || ''abo'' || colspan=2 rowspan=4 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! plural | ! plural | ||
| ''vo'' || '' | | ''vo'' || ''vas'' || ''vu'' || ''ves'' || ''avo'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Second</br>person | ! rowspan=2 | Second</br>person | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! plural | ! plural | ||
| ''glei'' || '' | | ''glei'' || ''glas'' || ''glau'' || ''glaves'' || ''aglei'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Inanimate</br>third</br>person | ! rowspan=2 | Inanimate</br>third</br>person | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! plural | ! plural | ||
| ''ovo'' || '' | | ''ovo'' || ''ovas'' || ''ou'' || ''oves'' || ''auvo'' || ''averis'' || ''averas'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Animate</br>third</br>person | ! rowspan=2 | Animate</br>third</br>person | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! plural | ! plural | ||
| ''evo'' || '' | | ''evo'' || ''evas'' || ''ou'' || ''eves'' || ''aivo'' || ''leris'' || ''leras'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Animate third-person pronouns refer to any animate noun, so they can refer to people (as in ''Sumpit '''evo''''' "'''They''' walk"), animals (Genesis 7:2 ''...tades op '''tor''' kavin'' "...the male and '''his''' female") and other animate nouns (''Tepusint dudvarda op hegarsint '''tar''''' "[He] reached the capital city and destroyed '''it'''"). | Animate third-person pronouns refer to any animate noun, so they can refer to people (as in ''Sumpit '''evo''''' "'''They''' walk"), animals (Genesis 7:2 ''...tades op '''tor''' kavin'' "...the male and '''his''' female") and other animate nouns (''Tepusint dudvarda op hegarsint '''tar''''' "[He] reached the capital city and destroyed '''it'''"). | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Elvarri verbs are inflected on [[w:Gramamtical tense|tense]], [[w:Grammatical mood|mood]], [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspect]] and to an extent [[w:Grammatical person|person]]; they are inflected on person only based on whether the subject is a [[#Personal pronouns|personal pronoun]] or whether it is a noun. | Elvarri verbs are inflected on [[w:Gramamtical tense|tense]], [[w:Grammatical mood|mood]], [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspect]] and to an extent [[w:Grammatical person|person]]; they are inflected on person only based on whether the subject is a [[#Personal pronouns|personal pronoun]] or whether it is a noun. | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
===Swadesh=== | ===Swadesh=== | ||