Vindamal: Difference between revisions
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| -na || reciprocal (“to do X to each other”) || verb || verb | | -na || reciprocal (“to do X to each other”) || verb || verb | ||
|- | |||
| -ma || causative (“to make X happen”) || verb || verb | |||
|- | |- | ||
| -þar || locative (“place of X”) || noun, descriptive || noun | | -þar || locative (“place of X”) || noun, descriptive || noun | ||
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When multiple suffixes are present, they generally follow this order: | When multiple suffixes are present, they generally follow this order: | ||
'''Root + (it/gar/aren) + (lik/sa) + (lika/ja) + (vig/na) + (þar)''' | '''Root + (it/gar/aren) + (lik/sa) + (lika/ja) + (vig/na) + (ma) + (þar)''' | ||
* Inner suffixes modify the lexical meaning of the root (size, collectivity). | * Inner suffixes modify the lexical meaning of the root (size, collectivity). | ||
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* ''malavig'' → to speak to oneself | * ''malavig'' → to speak to oneself | ||
* ''malana'' → to speak to each other | * ''malana'' → to speak to each other | ||
* ''malama'' → to make (someone) speak | |||
* ''malavigma'' → to make (someone) speak to themself | |||
* ''malanama'' → to make (someone) speak to each other | |||
==== Epenthesis ==== | ==== Epenthesis ==== | ||
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| pom- || new, recently | | pom- || new, recently | ||
|- | |- | ||
| se- || distributive (“everywhere, all over”) | | se(C)- || distributive (“everywhere, all over”) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* mana (inanimate) — “water” | * mana (inanimate) — “water” | ||
* mana (animate) — “river” | * mana (animate) — “river” | ||
* dama (inanimate) — “clay, soil” | |||
* dama (animate) — “person, human” | |||
====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
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* vinda, person → vindar, people | * vinda, person → vindar, people | ||
* hali, stranger → halir, strangers | * hali, stranger → halir, strangers | ||
* | * mana, river → manar, rivers | ||
=====Inanimate nouns===== | =====Inanimate nouns===== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
If a noun ends in a | If a noun ends in a consonant, the parenthesized vowel listed is added along with the ending. If the noun ends in a vowel that vowel remains unchanged, except in the locative case. The locative case ending will change the final vowel to -i-. | ||
For example: | For example: | ||