Oltic: Difference between revisions

|+ '''Modern Oltic noun declensions'''

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι

| -ι || -ον

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>o-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η

| -ι || -ον

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης

| -ης || -ον

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>ē-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης

| -ης || -ον

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις

| -εις || -ιον

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>i-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη

| -εις || -ιον

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>n-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -ον || rowspan="2"| -ονες

| -οναν || -ονης

| -ονος || -ονον

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>n-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -αν || rowspan="2"| -ανες

| -ανος || -ανον

|}

! colspan="3"| r-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -ιρας || rowspan="2"| -ιρες

| -ιραν || -ιρης

| -ιρος || -ιρον

! colspan="3"| s-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| -ος || rowspan="2"| -εσες

| -εσαν || -εσης

| -εσος || -εσον

! colspan="3"| consonant-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="2"| -ες

| -αν || -ης

| -ος || -ον

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>o-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι

| -ον || -ους

| -ι || -ον

| -υι || -οβος

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>o-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η

| -ι || -ον

| -υι || -οβος

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>ē-stem

! !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης

| -ην

| -ης || -ον

| -ηι || -ηβος

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>ē-stem

| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ης

| -η

| -ην

| -ης || -ον

| -ηι || -ηβος

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>i-stem

| -ις || rowspan="3"| -ις

| -εις || -ιον

| -ει || -ιβος

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>i-stem

| rowspan="3"| -ι || rowspan="3"| -ιη

| -εις || -ιον

| -ει || -ιβος

! colspan="3"| masculine/feminine<br>n-stem

| rowspan="2"| -ον || rowspan="2"| -ονες

| -οναν || -ονης

| -ονος || -ονον

| -ονει || -ομβος

! colspan="3"| neuter<br>n-stem

| rowspan="2"| -αν || rowspan="2"| -ανες

| -αναν || -ανης

| -ανος || -ανον

| -ανει || -αμβος

! colspan="3"| r-stem

| rowspan="2"| -ιρας || rowspan="2"| -ιρες

| -ιρος || -ιρον

| -ιρει || -ιρεβος

! colspan="3"| s-stem

| -ος || rowspan="2"| -εσες

| -εσαν || -εσης

| -εσος || -εσον

| -εσει || -εσεβος

! colspan="3"| consonant-stem

| rowspan="2"| -ς/ξ || rowspan="2"| -ες

| -αν || -ης

| -ος || -ον

| -ει || -οβος

 

 

! δ, ζ, θ, σ, τ

! rowspan="3"| -ς

! β, γ, κ, ξ, π, φ, χ, ψ, ϝ

| -ξ

! λ, μ, ν, ρ

| -{λ/ν/ν/ρ}ς

====Pronouns====

 

! colspan="2"| !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|POSS}}.{{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|REFL}} !! {{gcl|RECP}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|1}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|2}}

| τού || ζίς || τωύ || ζὲσρος || ζεῖτ || τούζε

! rowspan="3"| {{gcl|3}}

| ές || εῖς || colspan="2"| ζῶ || ζεῖς || rowspan="3"| σεῖ

! {{gcl|F}}

| σί || σῖ || colspan="2"| ζῆς || ζὲς

! {{gcl|N}}

| έδ || εῖδ || colspan="2"| ζῶν || ζεῖδ

! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|Q}}/{{gcl|REL}}

! {{gcl|M}}/{{gcl|F}}

| colspan="2"| πεῖς || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="4" rowspan="5"|  

! {{gcl|N}}

| colspan="2"| πίδ

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|INDEF}}

| colspan="2"| πέ

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|NEG}}

| colspan="2"| νέπε

===Verbs===

 

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 1st Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| -ου || -εσι || -ετι || -ομου || -ετε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ενεν || -ιτου || -ε || -εμες || -ετες || -εντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}

! {{gcl|PRES}}

| -ου || -ετα || -ετο || -ομο || -εϝε || -οντο || -ετιος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -ι || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ετις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}

| -ετα || -εϝε

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 2nd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| -α || -ασι || -ατι || -ομου || -ατε || -οντι || -οντος || -ϝος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -του || -τες || -τ || -τομου || -τετε || -τον || -ομνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ανεν || -ιτου || -α || -αμες || -ατες || -αντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ην || -ησι || -ητι || -ημες || -ητε || -ηντι

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}

! {{gcl|PRES}}

| -ου || -ατα || -ατο || -ομο || -αϝε || -οντο || -ατιος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -το || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -τουνς || -τος || rowspan="2"| -τουος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ατει || -αντις || -ζος

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -η || -ητα || -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}

| -ατα || -αϝε

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 3rd Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| -η || -ησι || -ητι || -ημου || -ητε || -ηντι || -ηντος || -ηϝος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ηνεν || -ητου || -η || -ημες || -ητες || -ηντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ιζημι || -ιζησι || -ιζητι || -ιζημος || -ιζητε || -ιζηντι

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}

! {{gcl|PRES}}

| -η || -ητα || rowspan="2" | -ητο || -ημο || -ηϝε || -ηντο || -ητιος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ητει || -ηντις || -ηζος

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ιζη || -ιζητα || -ιζητο || -ιζημο || -ιζηϝε || -ιζηντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IMP}}

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"| || -η || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  colspan="2" rowspan="2"| || -ητις || style="background-color:#D0D0D0"  rowspan="2"|

! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}}

| -ητρις || -ηϝε

! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| 4th Conjugation !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}}

! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}}

! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}}

| -ι || -ισι || -ιτι || -ιμου || -ιτε || -ιντι || -ιντος || -ιϝος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ισσου || colspan="2" | -ισσι || -ισσομου || -ισσετε || -ισσον || -ιμνος || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="5"|

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ινεν || -ιτου || -ι || -ιμες || -ιτες || -ιντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"|

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ιζιμι || -ιζισι || -ιζιτι || -ιζιμος || -ιζιτε || -ιζιντι

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}}

! {{gcl|PRES}}

| -ι || -ιτα || rowspan="2" | -ιτο || -ιμο || -ιϝε || -ιντο || -ιτιος

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

| -ιτει || -ιντις || -ιζος

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}}

| -ιζι || -ιζιτα || -ιζιτο || -ιζιμο || -ιζιϝε || -ιζιντο || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="4"|

|-

! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}}

*Active gerunds are consonant-stem nouns, and outside of nominative singular end in ''-ν-''.

*Mediopassive gerunds are o-stem nouns.

Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in ''-τ-'' forms and ''-ζος'', most often loss of stem-final ''ι-'', "shortening" of the previous vowel (''η, ει, ωυ'' becoming ''α, ε, ο'' and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ''ζ-'' becoming a different consonant.

 

====Copula====

The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative.

 

{{lyti-table-cop}}

 

===Adjectives===

Adjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, gender, and definiteness. They may also be marked as comparative or superlative.

 

{| class="IPA wikitable"

! colspan="9"| o-stem

|-

! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|M}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|F}} !! colspan="2" | {{gcl|N}}

|-

! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}} !! {{gcl|SG}} !! {{gcl|PL}}

|-

! rowspan="8" |

! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|DEF}}

! {{gcl|NOM}}

| -ος || rowspan="2"| -οι || rowspan="2"| -η || rowspan="3"| -ης || rowspan="3"| -ον || rowspan="3"| -η

|-

! {{gcl|VOC}}

| -ε

|-

! {{gcl|ACC}}

| -ον || -ους || -ην

|-

! {{gcl|GEN}}

| -ι || -ον || -ης || -ον || -ι || -ον

|-

! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|INDEF}}