Rulhilli: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Old Rulhilli Consonants
|+ Old Rulhilli Consonants
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|-
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || || || [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || || [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || || ([[w:Glottal fricative|h]]) || [[w:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
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| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Modern Rulhilli Consonants
|+ Modern Rulhilli Consonants
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| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]]
|}
|}
|}
*Old Rulhilli /s/ is realized as [h] word-finally.
*/ɳ/ only occurs in loanwords.
**In Old Rulhilli /l/ only occurs in loanwords.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Old Rulhilli Vowels
|+ Old Rulhilli Vowels
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| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ː
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃ː
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Modern Rulhilli Vowels
|+ Modern Rulhilli Vowels
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| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃
| [[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] ɐ̃ || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] ɑ̃
|}
|}
|}
{| style="background: none"
|-
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Old Rulhilli Diphthongs
|+ Old Rulhilli Diphthongs
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| ɐi aːi || ɐu ɑːu
| ɐi aːi || ɐu ɑːu
|}
|}
| valign="top" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Old Rulhilli Syllabic Consonants
|+ Old Rulhilli Syllabic Consonants
|-
|-
| r̩ r̩ː || n̩ n̩ː
| r̩ r̩ː || n̩ n̩ː
|}
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 15:45, 13 May 2026


Note: the Devanagari is just a placeholder.

Rulhilli
रुल्हिळ्ळि
Pronunciation[ɾuˈlʱiɭɭi]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingRangpur Division, Bangladesh
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Rulhilli /rulˈhɪli/ (Rulhilli: रुल्हिळ्ळि [ɾuˈlʱiɭɭi]) is a Sinitic language spoken near Ulipur, Bangladesh.

Etymology

Rulhilli is from रुल्हिळ्ळि, from Old Rulhilli रुधिरदि, from Sanskrit रुधिरायानद्याः referring to the Brahmaputra river.

Orthography

Phonology

Consonants

Old Rulhilli Consonants
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Stop p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ t͡ɕ t͡ɕʰ d͡ʑ d͡ʑʱ k kʰ g gʱ
Fricative s ʂ ɕ (h) ɦ
Approximant ʋ l j
Tap ɾ
Modern Rulhilli Consonants
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Nasal m n ɳ ɲ ŋ
Stop p pʰ b bʱ t tʰ d dʱ ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ɖʱ t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒ d͡ʒʱ k kʰ g gʱ
Fricative s ʂ ʃ ɦ
Approximant ʋ l lʱ ɭ ɭʱ j
Tap ɾ
  • Old Rulhilli /s/ is realized as [h] word-finally.
  • /ɳ/ only occurs in loanwords.
    • In Old Rulhilli /l/ only occurs in loanwords.

Vowels

Old Rulhilli Vowels
Front Back
High i iː ĩ ĩː u uː ũ ũː
Mid e o
Low ɐ ɐ̃ ɑː ɑ̃ː
Modern Rulhilli Vowels
Front Back
High i iː ĩ u uː ũ
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ ɛː ɔ ɔː
Low ɐ ɐ̃ ɑː ɑ̃
Old Rulhilli Diphthongs
ɐi aːi ɐu ɑːu
Old Rulhilli Syllabic Consonants
r̩ r̩ː n̩ n̩ː
  • Modern nasal vowels may be short or long in free variation.

Prosody

Rulhilli stress falls on the last historically heavy (containing a long vowel or coda) syllable, or last syllable if there are no heavy syllables.

Phonotactics

Rulhilli maximal syllables are CCVC.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Rulhilli word order is predominantly SOV but flexible.

Noun and verb phrases

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

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