Oltic: Difference between revisions
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====Copula==== | ====Copula==== | ||
The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative. | The copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative. | ||
'''Old Oltic copulae''' | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"| '''''εͳι'' conjugation (irregular)''' !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|INF}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="13" | {{gcl|POS|positive}} | |||
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| ες || εσι || εͳι || ασμου || αͳε || ασοντι || ασονͳ || εζος | |||
| rowspan="13" |εσνει | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| εͳου || εͳες || εͳ || αͳομου || αͳετε || αͳον || ασομνος || rowspan="4" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εσνεν || εσιτου || εσε || ασμεͳ || αͳες || ασεντεͳ || rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}} | |||
| εσην || εσησι || εσητι || ασημες || ασητε || ασηντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| εσουρ || εͳαρ || εͳορ || ασμορ || αζε || ασοντορ || αͳιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
| εͳο|| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || αͳουνͳ || αͳος || rowspan="2" | αͳους | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εͳει || ασεντιͳ || αζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}} | |||
| εσηρ || εσηταρ || εσητορ || ασημορ || ασηδϝε || ασηντορ || colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |{{gcl|SUBJ}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|ACT}} | |||
!{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
|εσην | |||
|εσησι | |||
|εσητι | |||
|ασημες | |||
|ασητες | |||
|ασηντι | |||
|- | |||
!{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
|εσηνεν | |||
|εσητου | |||
|εση | |||
|ασημες | |||
|ασητες | |||
|ασηντεͳ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|MID}} | |||
|εσηρ | |||
|εσηταρ | |||
|εσητορ | |||
|ασημορ | |||
|ασηδϝε | |||
|ασηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || εσι || εͳ | |||
|ασμου|| αͳις || ασον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| εͳαρ | |||
|εσορ | |||
|ασμορ|| αͳϝε | |||
|ασοντορ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"| !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|INF}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="15" | {{gcl|NEG}} | |||
! rowspan="8" | {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| νις || νισι || νιͳι || νισμου || νιͳε || νισοντι || νισονͳ || νιζος | |||
| rowspan="15" |νισνει | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| νιͳου || νιͳες || νιͳ || νιͳομου || νιͳετε || νιͳον || νισομνος || rowspan="4" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νισνεν || νισιτου || νισε || νισμεͳ || νιͳες || νισεντεͳ || rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}} | |||
| νισην || νισησι || νισητι || νισημες || νισητε || νισηντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| νισουρ || νιͳαρ || νιͳορ || νισμορ || νιζε || νισοντορ || νιͳιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
| νιͳο|| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || νιͳουνͳ || νιͳος || rowspan="2" | νιͳους | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νιͳει || νισεντιͳ || νιζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}} | |||
| νισηρ || νισηταρ || νισητορ || νισημορ || νισηδϝε || νισηντορ || colspan="2" rowspan="8" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |{{gcl|SUBJ}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|ACT}} | |||
!{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
|νισην | |||
|νισησι | |||
|νισητι | |||
| rowspan="2" |νισημες | |||
|νισητε | |||
|νισηντι | |||
|- | |||
!{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
|νισηνεν | |||
|νισητου | |||
|νιση | |||
|νισητες | |||
|νισηντεͳ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|MID}} | |||
|νισηρ | |||
|νισηταρ | |||
|νισητορ | |||
|νισημορ | |||
|νισηδϝε | |||
|νισηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || νισι ||νιͳ | |||
| νισμου|| νιͳις ||νισον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| νιͳαρ | |||
|νισορ | |||
| νισμορ|| νιͳϝε | |||
|νισοντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|PROH}} | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| νη | |||
|νηͳ | |||
| νησμου|| νηͳις | |||
|νησον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| νηͳαρ | |||
|νησορ | |||
| νησμορ|| νηͳϝε | |||
|νησοντορ | |||
|} | |||
'''Middle Oltic copulae''' | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" | |||
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"| '''''εσσι'' conjugation (irregular)''' !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|INF}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="14" | {{gcl|POS|positive}} | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| ες || εσι || εσσι || ασμου || ασσε || ασοντι || ασοντος || εζος | |||
| rowspan="14" |εσνει | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| εσσου || εσσες || ες || ασσομου || ασσετε || ασσον || ασομνος || rowspan="5" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εσνεν || εσιτου || εσε || ασμες || ασσες || ασεντες || rowspan="3" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| εσην || εσησι || εσητι || ασημες || ασητε || ασηντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εσετην || εσετησι || εσετητι || ασετημες || ασετητε || ασετηντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| εσουρ || εσσαρ || εσσορ || ασμορ || αζε || ασοντορ || ασσιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| | |||
| εσσο|| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || ασσουνς || ασσος || rowspan="2" | ασσουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εσσει || ασεντις || αζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| εσηρ || εσηταρ || εσητορ || ασημορ || ασηϝε || ασηντορ || colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| εστηρ || εστηταρ || εστητορ || αστημορ || αστηϝε || αστηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|SUBJ}} | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|ACT}} | |||
|εσηνεν | |||
|εσητου | |||
|εση | |||
|ασημες | |||
|ασητες | |||
|ασηντες | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|MID}} | |||
|εσηρ | |||
|εσηταρ | |||
|εσητορ | |||
|ασημορ | |||
|ασηϝε | |||
|ασηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="2"| || εσι || ες | |||
|ασμου|| ασσις || ασον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| εσσαρ | |||
|εσορ | |||
|ασμορ|| αϝε | |||
|ασοντορ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" rowspan="2"| !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|SG}} !! colspan="3"| {{gcl|PL}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|PTCP}} !! rowspan="2"| {{gcl|GER}} | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|INF}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} !! {{gcl|1}} !! {{gcl|2}} !! {{gcl|3}} | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="16" | {{gcl|NEG}} | |||
! rowspan="10"| {{gcl|IND}} | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| νις || νισι || νισσι || νισμου || νισσε || νισοντι || νισοντος || νιζος | |||
| rowspan="16" |νισνει | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| νισσου || νισσες || νις || νισσομου || νισσετε || νισσον || νισομνος || rowspan="5" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νισνεν || νισιτου || νισε || νισμες || νισσες || νισεντες || style="background-color:#D0D0D0" rowspan="3"| | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| νισην || νισησι || νισητι || νισημες || νισητε || νισηντι | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νισετην || νισετησι || νισετητι || νισετημες || νισετητε || νισετηντι | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5"| {{gcl|MID}} | |||
! {{gcl|PRES}} | |||
| νισουρ || νισσαρ || νισσορ || νισμορ || νιζε || νισοντορ || νισσιος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| style="background-color:#D0D0D0" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| | |||
| νισσο|| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || νισσουνς || νισσος || rowspan="2" | νισσουος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|PST}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νισσει || νισεντις || νιζος | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|PFV}} | |||
| νισηρ || νισηταρ || νισητορ || νισημορ || νισηϝε || νισηντορ || colspan="2" rowspan="8" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | | |||
|- | |||
! {{gcl|FUT}}.{{gcl|IPFV}} | |||
| νισετηρ || νισετηταρ || νισετητορ || νισετημορ || νισετηϝε || νισετηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |{{gcl|SUBJ}} | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|ACT}} | |||
|νισηνεν | |||
|νισητου | |||
|νιση | |||
|νισημες | |||
|νισητες | |||
|νισηντες | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |{{gcl|MID}} | |||
|νισηρ | |||
|νισηταρ | |||
|νισητορ | |||
|νισημορ | |||
|νισηϝε | |||
|νισηντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | {{gcl|IMP}} | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:#D0D0D0" | || νισι ||νις | |||
| νισμου|| νισσις ||νισον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| νισσαρ | |||
|νισορ | |||
| νισμορ|| νισϝε | |||
|νισοντορ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="10" | {{gcl|PROH}} | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|ACT}} | |||
| νη | |||
|νης | |||
| νησμου|| νησσις | |||
|νησον | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | {{gcl|MID}} | |||
| νησσαρ | |||
|νησορ | |||
| νησμορ|| νησϝε | |||
|νησοντορ | |||
|} | |||
'''Modern Oltic copulae''' | '''Modern Oltic copulae''' | ||