Knench: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
IlL (talk | contribs)
143,622 edits
IlL (talk | contribs)
143,622 edits
m IlL moved page Verse:Irta/Knench to Knench without leaving a redirect
 
(27 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{List subpages}}
{{List subpages}}
'''Knench''' /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively ''Finid'' /ˈfi{{long}}nɪð/ or ''losůnaz Fini'') is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.
'''Knench''' /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively ''Fithid'' /ˈfi{{long}}t{{asp}}ɪð/ or ''losůnaz Fithi'') is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.


Move to Spain?
Move to Spain?
Line 23: Line 23:


=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
==== Phones ====
* (lost, not written) from Old Knench /ʔ/
==== Underlying consonants ====
* /v/ '''v''' from Old Knench /b/
* |ʔ| '''x''' (often lost) from Old Knench /ʔ/
* /ɣ/ '''g''' from Old Knench /g/
* |v| '''v''' from Old Knench /b/
* /ð/ '''d''' from Old Knench /d/
* |ɣ| '''g''' from Old Knench /g/
* /0/ '''ḧ''' (often lost) from Old Knench /h/
* |ð| '''d''' from Old Knench /d/
* /w/ '''w''' from Old Knench /w/
* |h| '''ḧ''' (often lost) from Old Knench /h/
* /z/ '''z''' from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
* |w| '''w''' from Old Knench /w/
* /qʰ/ '''qh''' from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
* |z| '''z''' from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
* /t˭/ '''t''' from Old Knench /t{{phar}}/
* |qʰ| '''qh''' from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
* /j/ '''j''' from Old Knench /j/
* |t=| '''t''' from Old Knench /t{{phar}}/
* /kʰ/ '''ch''' from Old Knench /k/
* |j| '''j''' from Old Knench /j/
* /l/ '''l''' from Old Knench /l/
* |kʰ| '''ch''' from Old Knench /k/
* /m/ '''m''' from Old Knench /m/
* |l| '''l''' from Old Knench /l/
* /n/ '''n''' from Old Knench /n/
* |m| '''m''' from Old Knench /m/
* /s/ '''x''' from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
* |n| '''n''' from Old Knench /n/
* /ʁ{{tilde}}/ '''ɣ''' from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
* |ɕ| '''çh''' from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
* /f/ '''f''' from Old Knench /p/
* |ʁ{{tilde}}| '''ɣ''' from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
* /p˭/ '''p''' from Latin/Romance /p/
* |f| '''f''' from Old Knench /p/
* /t{{tiebar}}s˭| '''ç''' from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *s{{cdb}}, *ś{{cdb}}, and *θ{{cdb}})
* |p=| '''p''' from Latin/Romance /p/
* /k˭/ '''c''' from Old Knench /q/
* |ts=| '''ç''' from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *s{{cdb}}, *ś{{cdb}}, and *θ{{cdb}})
* /ɾ/ '''r''' from Old Knench /r/
* |k=| '''c''' from Old Knench /q/
* /s{{ret}}/ '''s''' from Old Knench /s{{ret}}/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
* |r| '''r''' from Old Knench /r/
* /tʰ/ '''th''' from Old Knench /t/
* |{{sz}}| '''s''' from Old Knench /s{{ret}}/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
* |tʰ| '''th''' from Old Knench /t/


'''qh''' is in a process of merging with '''ch''' in Modern Knench. The merged sound is kʰ~x.
'''qh''' is shifting to /x~h/ in Modern Knench.


=== Mutation ===
=== Mutation ===
Line 58: Line 56:
* 2sg.m: ''tho''; ''-cho tho'' (after prepositions)
* 2sg.m: ''tho''; ''-cho tho'' (after prepositions)
* 2sg.f: ''thy''; ''-chyth'' (after prepositions)
* 2sg.f: ''thy''; ''-chyth'' (after prepositions)
* 3sg.m: ''ůj'' (< -ů + ḧi)
* 3sg.m: ''ůj'' (< -ů + ḧi), ''-u/-ů''
* 3sg.f: ''oj'' (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi)
* 3sg.f: ''oj'' (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi)
* 1pl: ''nu''
* 1pl: ''nu''
Line 65: Line 63:


=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
The citation form is uninflected in Colloquial Knench:
The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench:


: ''Re ni by bluɣ i laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.'
: ''Re ni byl chilo laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.'
: ''Bluɣ laqhmaz!'' 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)'
: ''Re ni by chilo i tha laqhm.'' (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.'
: ''Chilo laqhmaz!'' 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)'


Knench verbs can be from inherited binyanim (fɣul, iffoɣel, ithfoɣel, faɣel, afɣel, isthafɣel) or from noun patterns.
Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns.


==Sample texts==<!--
==Sample texts==<!--
Line 101: Line 100:
-->
-->
===Newton's laws of motion===
===Newton's laws of motion===
''I: Re dobor by sbuth by demi, ů by ɣythůc bal-sůny, lile força b acçjo ɣaju.''
''I: Re gif byl sbuth by demi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaju.''


I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.
I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.


''II: Re sanujaz ly thaɣthic ly gaf by mathchůni lid forçazů myfucoro ɣaj gafaz; u re sanujaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as ɣaju forçazů myfucoro.''
''II: Re senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u re senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaju.''


II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.
II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.


''III: Jes ly chul acçjo tha reacçjo sowo u mythnegydo.''
''III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyh{{umlaut}}focho.''


III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Latest revision as of 12:49, 17 May 2026

Pages with the prefix 'Knench' in the and 'Talk' namespaces:

Talk:

Knench /nɛnt͡ʃ/ (natively Fithid /ˈfiːtʰɪð/ or losůnaz Fithi) is a divergent descendant of Canaanite spoken in Lõis Great Britain. It does not lose Semitic triconsonantal morphology, but it loses older Semitic conjugated verb forms in favor of constructions using the infinitive construct. Knench is the second largest Irta British minority language after Welsh, in fact its syntax is similar to Colloquial Welsh.

Move to Spain?

Revamp prosody to a more Welshy one

Make Ancient Knench stage a bit more like Togarmite and less Hebrew

  • dobor [ˈðoːvʌɾ] "(literary) a thing"
  • doboraz [ðʌˈvoːɾaz] "the thing"
  • deberi [ðɛˈveːɾi] "things" (affection; plural -īm -> -i)
  • deberimel [ðɛvɛˈɾiːmɛl] "the things"
  • qhymůr [ˈqʰəmʉɾ] "donkey"
  • jůno [ˈjyːnʌ] "a pigeon"
  • jůnozů [jʉˈnoːzʉ] "the pigeon"
  • jůnůd [ˈjyːnʉð] "pigeons" (Hebrew has yōnīm but let's use the f. pl. ending)
  • jůnůdel [jʉˈnyːðɛl] "the pigeons"

Phonology

Knench phonology is complex, with underlying phonemes resulting in multiple phones depending on the phonetic environment (most importantly, stressed versus unstressed syllables; prevocalic or non-prevocalic for certain laryngeals)

Vowels

a e y i o u ů /a~aː ɛ~eː ə~ɨː ɪ~iː ʌ~o̝ː ʊ~u̟ː ʉ~yː/

Consonants

  • (lost, not written) from Old Knench /ʔ/
  • /v/ v from Old Knench /b/
  • /ɣ/ g from Old Knench /g/
  • /ð/ d from Old Knench /d/
  • /0/ ḧ (often lost) from Old Knench /h/
  • /w/ w from Old Knench /w/
  • /z/ z from Old Knench /z/ (from PSem *z and ð)
  • /qʰ/ qh from Old Knench /χ/ (from PSem *x and *ħ)
  • /t˭/ t from Old Knench /tˁ/
  • /j/ j from Old Knench /j/
  • /kʰ/ ch from Old Knench /k/
  • /l/ l from Old Knench /l/
  • /m/ m from Old Knench /m/
  • /n/ n from Old Knench /n/
  • /s/ x from Old Knench /ts/ (from PSem *s)
  • /ʁ̃/ ɣ from Old Knench /ʁ̃/ (from PSem *ɣ and *ʕ)
  • /f/ f from Old Knench /p/
  • /p˭/ p from Latin/Romance /p/
  • /t͡s˭| ç from Old Knench /tsˁ/ (from PSem *ṣ, *ṣ́, and *θ̣)
  • /k˭/ c from Old Knench /q/
  • /ɾ/ r from Old Knench /r/
  • /s̠/ s from Old Knench /s̠/ (from PSem *š, *ś, and *θ)
  • /tʰ/ th from Old Knench /t/

qh is shifting to /x~h/ in Modern Knench.

Mutation

Morphology

Pronouns

  • 1sg: i (after consonant), ni (after vowel)
  • 2sg.m: tho; -cho tho (after prepositions)
  • 2sg.f: thy; -chyth (after prepositions)
  • 3sg.m: ůj (< -ů + ḧi), -u/-ů
  • 3sg.f: oj (< -o/-oh/-ho + ḧi)
  • 1pl: nu
  • 2pl: thym; -chym thym, -chythym (after prepositions)
  • 3pl: 'm

Verbs

The lexical verb is usually in the infinitive form in Knench:

Re ni byl chilo laqhm. (PRES 1SG PROG eat bread) 'I eat/am eating bread.'
Re ni by chilo i tha laqhm. (PRES 1SG PROG eat 1SG FA bread) '(archaic) I eat/am eating bread.'
Chilo laqhmaz! 'Eat the bread! (both sg and pl)'

Knench verbs can be from inherited infinitive construct forms (the binyanim are fɣul, yfeɣyl, ythfeɣyl, feɣyl, efɣyl, ysthefɣyl) or from noun patterns.

Sample texts

Newton's laws of motion

I: Re gif byl sbuth by demi, ylů by qhufuz bal-mystheny, chim força b acço ɣaju.

I: An object stays at rest, or at a constant speed, unless a force acts on it.

II: Re senůdaz ly momentaz ly gif by mathcini lid forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaj gifaz; u re senůdaz by crůd darchom cůaz thecin as forçazů by ɣbur feçyr ɣaju.

II: The change in the momentum of a body is proportional to the force applied to the body; and the change occurs along the straight line on which that force is applied.

III: Jes ly chul acço tha reacço sowo u nyḧfocho.

III: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Knench&oldid=525262"