Knench/Ancient: Difference between revisions

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~~'''Druidic Hebrew''' is the stage of~~ [[~~Xnánið~~]] ~~after the split from Biblical Hebrew in the 6th century BC and before 9th century CE.~~

{{Infobox language

|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]

|nativename = *hak-kana3nījō

|image =

|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]

|name = Ancient Knench

|pronunciation =

|region =

|states =

|speakers =

|date =

|familycolor=afroasiatic

|fam1=Afro-Asiatic

|fam2=Semitic

|fam3=Central Semitic

|fam4=Canaanite

}}

~~It was~~ the ~~liturgical~~ language of ~~Canaanite druidism before~~ the ~~religion~~ was ~~supplanted~~ by ~~Henosis Ousias~~.

'''Ancient Knench''', also called "Punic" in Irta (natively ''*hal-lašůn hak-kana3nījō'' 'the Canaanite language') is the earliest attested stage of [[Knench]], first attested in the era of Biblical Hebrew. Post-Christianity it underwent drastic changes in mere centuries, thus ushering in the era of modern [[Knench]]. Ancient Knench was spoken in Iberia. Its premise is "Phoenician or Punic but a bit more Proto-Germanic".

Ancient Knench developed in isolation from Hebrew and was influenced by Azalic languages and Latin. It is a separate lineage from the dialect of Canaanite that eventually gave rise to Mishnaic Hebrew and the Jewish Hebrew reading traditions in Irta.

==Todo==

*When should matres lectionis be used?

*some a-priori roots

*Vowel reduction:

**final originally unstressed long > short

==Phonology==

===Orthography===

~~Druidic Hebrew is~~ written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. ~~Religious texts were vocaluzed but not completely~~.

Ancient Knench was written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. Vowels are attested in Latin and Greek transcriptions.

===Consonants===

/m p b f v n t d ~~th θ~~ ð ts s ~~tsʼ ʃ ɣ̃ ħ~~ k g ~~kh x~~ ɣ h l w j r~~/ {{angbr|~~''m p b ~~f v~~ n t d ~~ᴛ θ δ~~ z ~~s ts'~~ š ~~ȝ ħ~~ k g ~~ᴋ χ γ h~~ l w y r''}}

Out of the 25 consonants of Proto-Canaanite, Ancient Knench merged:

* /x/ with /ħ/ into /χ/

* /ʕ/ and /ɣ/ into /ʁ̃/

* /ɬ/ and /{{š}}/ into /s{{ret}}/

[m f b~>v p{{phar}}˭~>p˭ n t{{den}}{{asp}} d{{den}}~>ð t{{den}}{{phar}}˭~>t{{den}}˭ t͡sʰ~>s d͡z~>z t͡s{{phar}}˭~>t͡s˭ s{{ret}} ʁ̃ χ k{{asp}} g~>ɣ k{{ret}}˭~>k˭ l{{den}} w j r~>ɹ ʔ~Ø ɦ~h~Ø] '''m f b π n t d ṭ s z ṣ š ʕ ḥ k g q l w y r ʔ h'''

/l/ ~~allophonically velarized before C.~~

/pˁ/ '''π''' was a loan phoneme from Indo-European languages such as Latin, Greek, and Azalic.

~~====Mutations====~~

~~Words can undergo initial mutation but the mutations are different~~ from ~~the begadkefat spirantization in Tiberian Hebrew~~.

~~===Vowels===~~

Emphatic stops were distinguished by being pharyngealized and unaspirated; however, pharyngealization was slowly lost and the distinction became not being aspirated unlike '''t k s'''. Word-finally they could be released in one of three ways:

~~Old Knánith had a rather simple vowel system~~:

* ejective release: [p{{phar}}ʼ t{{den}}{{phar}}ʼ t͡s{{phar}}ʼ k{{ret}}ʼ]

* aspirated release: [p{{phar}}{{asp}} t{{den}}{{phar}}{{asp}} t͡s{{phar}}{{asp}} k{{ret}}{{asp}}]

* voiced release: [b{{phar}} d{{den}}{{phar}} d͡z{{phar}} g{{ret}}]

* Alternatively, '''π ṭ q''' could be unreleased word-finally: [p̚ˤ t̪̚ˤ k̠̚].

'''~~a e i o u ø á é í ó ú~~''' /~~a e i o u ə a: e: i: o: u:~~/

It is thought that Late Ancient Knench '''b d z g''' were in the process of fricativizing to /v ð z ɣ/.

~~/ə/ was~~ a ~~result of vowel reduction~~.

===Vowels===

Ancient Knench retained Proto-Canaanite vowel length and developed overlong vowels. It had the chain shift ''ā'' > ''ō'' (Seoul Korean ''eo'') > ''ů'' (Seoul Korean ''o''), similar to our timeline's Punic, and developed a new ''ā'' from compensatory lengthening.

===Prosody===

====Stress====

Stress ~~was penultimate for most words.~~

Stress tends to be final

~~====Intonation====~~

~~===Morphophonology===~~

~~==Grammar==~~

~~Still basically Hebrew (except with penultimate stress), with inflected verbs.~~

~~Syntax was retained as VSO under the influence of Celtic.~~

~~===Nouns===~~

The definite article was ''ʔa-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''ha-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ~~''ʔā-''.~~

~~===Verbs===~~

~~All 7 binyanim of Biblical Hebrew were in use.~~

~~Verbs had the following forms:~~

== Morphology ==

*Past

=== Adjectives ===

*Non-past

ṭůb, ṭůbṓ, ṭůbī́m, ṭůbů́t

*Imperative

*Infinitive

[[Category:Semitic languages]]

[[Category:Languages]]

[[Category:Stem-Hebrew]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Druidic Hebrew''' is the stage of [[Xnánið]] after the split from Biblical Hebrew in the 6th century BC and before 9th century CE.
+{{Infobox language
+|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
+|nativename = *hak-kana3nījō
+|image =
+|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
+|name = Ancient Knench
+|pronunciation =
+|region =
+|states =
+|speakers =
+|date =
+|familycolor=afroasiatic
+|fam1=Afro-Asiatic
+|fam2=Semitic
+|fam3=Central Semitic
+|fam4=Canaanite
+}}
-It was the liturgical language of Canaanite druidism before the religion was supplanted by Henosis Ousias.
+'''Ancient Knench''', also called "Punic" in Irta (natively ''*hal-lašůn hak-kana3nījō'' 'the Canaanite language') is the earliest attested stage of [[Knench]], first attested in the era of Biblical Hebrew. Post-Christianity it underwent drastic changes in mere centuries, thus ushering in the era of modern [[Knench]]. Ancient Knench was spoken in Iberia. Its premise is "Phoenician or Punic but a bit more Proto-Germanic".
+Ancient Knench developed in isolation from Hebrew and was influenced by Azalic languages and Latin. It is a separate lineage from the dialect of Canaanite that eventually gave rise to Mishnaic Hebrew and the Jewish Hebrew reading traditions in Irta.
+==Todo==
+*When should matres lectionis be used?
+*some a-priori roots
+*Vowel reduction:
+**final originally unstressed long > short
 ==Phonology==
 ===Orthography===
-Druidic Hebrew is written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. Religious texts were vocaluzed but not completely.
+Ancient Knench was written in an abjad descended from the Proto-Hebrew script. Vowels are attested in Latin and Greek transcriptions.
 ===Consonants===
-/m p b f v n t d th θ ð ts s tsʼ ʃ ɣ̃ ħ k g kh x ɣ h l w j r/ {{angbr|''m p b f v n t d ᴛ θ δ z s ts' š ȝ ħ k g ᴋ χ γ h l w y r''}}
+Out of the 25 consonants of Proto-Canaanite, Ancient Knench merged:
+* /x/ with /ħ/ into /χ/
+* /ʕ/ and /ɣ/ into /ʁ̃/
+* /ɬ/ and /{{š}}/ into /s{{ret}}/
+[m f b~>v p{{phar}}˭~>p˭ n t{{den}}{{asp}} d{{den}}~>ð t{{den}}{{phar}}˭~>t{{den}}˭ t͡sʰ~>s d͡z~>z t͡s{{phar}}˭~>t͡s˭ s{{ret}} ʁ̃ χ k{{asp}} g~>ɣ k{{ret}}˭~>k˭ l{{den}} w j r~>ɹ ʔ~Ø ɦ~h~Ø] '''m f b π n t d ṭ s z ṣ š ʕ ḥ k g q l w y r ʔ h'''
-/l/ allophonically velarized before C.
+/pˁ/ '''π''' was a loan phoneme from Indo-European languages such as Latin, Greek, and Azalic.
-====Mutations====
-Words can undergo initial mutation but the mutations are different from the begadkefat spirantization in Tiberian Hebrew.
-===Vowels===
+Emphatic stops were distinguished by being pharyngealized and unaspirated; however, pharyngealization was slowly lost and the distinction became not being aspirated unlike '''t k s'''. Word-finally they could be released in one of three ways:
-Old Knánith had a rather simple vowel system:
+* ejective release: [p{{phar}}ʼ t{{den}}{{phar}}ʼ t͡s{{phar}}ʼ k{{ret}}ʼ]
+* aspirated release: [p{{phar}}{{asp}} t{{den}}{{phar}}{{asp}} t͡s{{phar}}{{asp}} k{{ret}}{{asp}}]
+* voiced release: [b{{phar}} d{{den}}{{phar}} d͡z{{phar}} g{{ret}}]
+* Alternatively, '''π ṭ q''' could be unreleased word-finally: [p̚ˤ t̪̚ˤ k̠̚].
-'''a e i o u ø á é í ó ú''' /a e i o u ə a: e: i: o: u:/
+It is thought that Late Ancient Knench '''b d z g''' were in the process of fricativizing to /v ð z ɣ/.
-/ə/ was a result of vowel reduction.
+===Vowels===
+Ancient Knench retained Proto-Canaanite vowel length and developed overlong vowels. It had the chain shift ''ā'' > ''ō'' (Seoul Korean ''eo'') > ''ů'' (Seoul Korean ''o''), similar to our timeline's Punic, and developed a new ''ā'' from compensatory lengthening.
 ===Prosody===
 ====Stress====
-Stress was penultimate for most words.
+Stress tends to be final
-====Intonation====
-===Morphophonology===
-==Grammar==
-Still basically Hebrew (except with penultimate stress), with inflected verbs.
-Syntax was retained as VSO under the influence of Celtic.
-===Nouns===
-The definite article was ''ʔa-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''ha-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ''ʔā-''.
-===Verbs===
-All 7 binyanim of Biblical Hebrew were in use.
-Verbs had the following forms:
+== Morphology ==
-*Past
+=== Adjectives ===
-*Non-past
+ṭůb, ṭůbṓ, ṭůbī́m, ṭůbů́t
-*Imperative
-*Infinitive
 [[Category:Semitic languages]]
+[[Category:Languages]]
+[[Category:Stem-Hebrew]]