Ganymedian: Difference between revisions

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==Grammar==

===Nouns===

Countable nouns fall into two classes, colloquially called ''pañola'' and ''kiswa'' nouns (cf. [[#Numerals|§ Numerals]]), though they are officially called class I and class II by the Akademia Kiganimedi. Class I or ''kiswa'' nouns are generally perceived as being derived from Swahili, so plurals are formed with the prefix ''wa-'' (from the plural of Swahili class II, {{l|sw|wa-}}), such as {{l|gnym|watoto}} "children", {{l|gnym|wayaí}} "eggs" and {{l|gnym|wafimbo}} "sticks". If a class I word begins with a /u/, such as {{l|gnym|uñama}} "animal", then the plural is instead formed by stressing the initial /u/, so the plural of ''uñama'' is {{l|gnym|úñama}}. Class II nouns or ''pañola'' nouns are contrastingly perceived as derived from Spanish, and thus their plurals are formed with the suffix ''-si'' (derived from [[w:Epenthesis|epenthesis]] of Spanish pluraliser {{l|es|-s}}), as in {{l|gnym|chuchosi}} "dogs", {{l|gnym|furutasi}} "fruits" and {{l|gnym|piyesi}} "feet". However, there are some outliers to this rule; for example, {{l|gnym|maño}} "feather" is a class II noun with regular plural {{l|gnym|mañosi}}, despite being derived from {{mn|sw|manyoya}} "feathers", probably due to its similarity to {{l|gnym|mano}} "hand" from {{mn|es|mano}} "hand".

Additionally, some words can change meaning depending on the appropriate class-based pluraliser, much like in Spanish with grammatical gender: for example, standard {{l|gnym|chuchosi}} "dogs", class II, refers to dogs, while {{l|gnym|wachucho}}, class I, refers to whips (both derived from different regional meanings of {{mn|es|chucho}}). [[w:Folk etymology|Reanalysis]] also frequently obscures and yields new nouns and often different classes to go along with them, such as class I {{l|gnym|lombí}} "worm, snitch" being derived from now obselete class II {{l|gnym|lombisi}} from {{mn|es|lombriz}} "worm"; ''lombisi'' was reanalysed as {{com|gnym|nocat=1|lombí|-si}}, hence yielding singular ''lombí''.

===Personal pronouns===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

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* ''Tu '''tareja''' soni'' can mean "You '''will hear''' the sound", "You '''will have heard''' the sound" or "You '''will be hearing''' the sound"

* ''Mi '''litana''' ye en festa'' can mean "I '''met him''' at a party", "I '''had met''' him at a party" or "I '''was meeting''' him at a party".

==Example texts==

===Lord's Prayer===

<poem>

Papá nosi keni en seyosi,

Nombe tu ni santifiya.

Reno tu cha,

Tani faña tu,

En duña komo en seyo.

Doa pani nosi ya diya te ya nosi

Na pedona wadambi nosi

Komo pedona kudambi nosi;

Na no yebe nosi en tetasioni

Pero libira nosi ya malo.

</poem>

==Notes==

[[Category: Ganymedian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]]

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 ==Grammar==
+===Nouns===
+Countable nouns fall into two classes, colloquially called ''pañola'' and ''kiswa'' nouns (cf. [[#Numerals|§ Numerals]]), though they are officially called class I and class II by the Akademia Kiganimedi. Class I or ''kiswa'' nouns are generally perceived as being derived from Swahili, so plurals are formed with the prefix ''wa-'' (from the plural of Swahili class II, {{l|sw|wa-}}), such as {{l|gnym|watoto}} "children", {{l|gnym|wayaí}} "eggs" and {{l|gnym|wafimbo}} "sticks". If a class I word begins with a /u/, such as {{l|gnym|uñama}} "animal", then the plural is instead formed by stressing the initial /u/, so the plural of ''uñama'' is {{l|gnym|úñama}}. Class II nouns or ''pañola'' nouns are contrastingly perceived as derived from Spanish, and thus their plurals are formed with the suffix ''-si'' (derived from [[w:Epenthesis|epenthesis]] of Spanish pluraliser {{l|es|-s}}), as in {{l|gnym|chuchosi}} "dogs", {{l|gnym|furutasi}} "fruits" and {{l|gnym|piyesi}} "feet". However, there are some outliers to this rule; for example, {{l|gnym|maño}} "feather" is a class II noun with regular plural {{l|gnym|mañosi}}, despite being derived from {{mn|sw|manyoya}} "feathers", probably due to its similarity to {{l|gnym|mano}} "hand" from {{mn|es|mano}} "hand".
+Additionally, some words can change meaning depending on the appropriate class-based pluraliser, much like in Spanish with grammatical gender: for example, standard {{l|gnym|chuchosi}} "dogs", class II, refers to dogs, while {{l|gnym|wachucho}}, class I, refers to whips (both derived from different regional meanings of {{mn|es|chucho}}). [[w:Folk etymology|Reanalysis]] also frequently obscures and yields new nouns and often different classes to go along with them, such as class I {{l|gnym|lombí}} "worm, snitch" being derived from now obselete class II {{l|gnym|lombisi}} from {{mn|es|lombriz}} "worm"; ''lombisi'' was reanalysed as {{com|gnym|nocat=1|lombí|-si}}, hence yielding singular ''lombí''.
 ===Personal pronouns===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 134: / Line 138: @@
 * ''Tu '''tareja''' soni'' can mean "You '''will hear''' the sound", "You '''will have heard''' the sound" or "You '''will be hearing''' the sound"
 * ''Mi '''litana''' ye en festa'' can mean "I '''met him''' at a party", "I '''had met''' him at a party" or "I '''was meeting''' him at a party".
+==Example texts==
+===Lord's Prayer===
+<poem>
+Papá nosi keni en seyosi,
+Nombe tu ni santifiya.
+Reno tu cha,
+Tani faña tu,
+En duña komo en seyo.
+Doa pani nosi ya diya te ya nosi
+Na pedona wadambi nosi
+Komo pedona kudambi nosi;
+Na no yebe nosi en tetasioni
+Pero libira nosi ya malo.
+</poem>
 ==Notes==
 <references group="lower-alpha"/>
 [[Category: Ganymedian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]]