Old Izhkut: Difference between revisions

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Line 3:

| name=Old Izhkut

| altname = Pokht-Izhkut, Old Ishcot

| nativename = dean ~~ishcott~~

| nativename = dean

| pronunciation = ˈdʲɛn ~~iʒkou̯t~~

| pronunciation = ˈdʲɛn

| creator = User:Jukethatbox

| created = 2025

Line 14:

| ethnicity = Pokht-Izhkut people

| state = Pokht-Izhkutrëa

| era = As a native language, 500 UH—10 BH

| era = As a native language,500 UH—10 BH

| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Taskaric]]

| ancestor2 = Proto-Iskeric

Line 20:

| notice = ipa

}}

'''Old Izhkut'''(''dean ~~ishcott~~'', Old Izhkut: [[Help:IPA|[ˈdʲɛn ~~iʒkou̯t~~]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''mëja izhkut'', [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈmɛɟa iʒkut] [ˈmɛd͡ʒa iʒkut]]]), also called '''Pokht-Izhkut''' or '''Old Ishcot''', is a [[w:Classical language|classical language]] of the Ilyic branch of the [[Taskaric languages]]. It originally developed in the Petrum region, where it was the official language of most of the Petrucian city-states, and was the native language of most of the "Proto-Izhkut" peoples that would later become the [[Izhkut]], [[Pokht]] and [[Ilyod]].

'''Old Izhkut''' (''dean'', Old Izhkut: [[Help:IPA|[ˈdʲɛn]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''mëja izhkut'', [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈmɛɟa iʒkut] [ˈmɛd͡ʒa iʒkut]]]), also called '''Pokht-Izhkut''' or '''Old Ishcot''', is a [[w:Classical language|classical language]] of the Ilyic branch of the [[Taskaric languages]]. It originally developed in the Petrum region, where it was the official language of most of the Petrucian city-states, and was the native language of most of the "Proto-Izhkut" peoples that would later become the [[Izhkut]], [[Pokht]] and [[Ilyod]].

Old Izhkut began to diverge into the Pokht-Izhkut languages around 10 UH; [[Ilyod]] was the first to be attested separately from Old Izhkut, when it was declared the [[w:National language|national language]] of the emerging Kingdom of Ilyod(Old Izhkut: ''Iliodreag''; [[Ilyod]]: ''Myerilyud''). The growing [[Izhkut|Izhkutrëa]] followed suit shortly after at the turn of the BH, declaring [[Izhkut]] the administrative language of Izhkutrëa. [[Pokht]], historically known for more conservative dialectology, took longer to be recognised as a separate language from Old Izhkut; this only occurred through Izhkut occupation, which, after invading and establishing Izhkut control over the former Pokht city-states, enforced a [[Izhkutifisation|ban on the use of the Pokht language]], which logically required an actual [[Pokht#Dialectology|definition of a "Pokht" language]].

Old Izhkut began to diverge into the Pokht-Izhkut languages around 10 UH; [[Ilyod]] was the first to be attested separately from Old Izhkut, when it was declared the [[w:National language|national language]] of the emerging Kingdom of Ilyod (Old Izhkut: ''Iliodreag''; [[Ilyod]]: ''Myerilyud''). The growing [[Izhkut|Izhkutrëa]] followed suit shortly after at the turn of the BH, declaring [[Izhkut]] the administrative language of Izhkutrëa. [[Pokht]], historically known for more conservative dialectology, took longer to be recognised as a separate language from Old Izhkut; this only occurred through Izhkut occupation, which, after invading and establishing Izhkut control over the former Pokht city-states, enforced a [[Izhkutifisation|ban on the use of the Pokht language]], which logically required an actual [[Pokht#Dialectology|definition of a "Pokht" language]].

Although spoken Old Izhkut is not intelligible with any modern descendant of the language, it still holds high prestige in Izhkut society; Old Izhkut is taught at a compulsory level from the start of middle school onwards, and prose was historically written almost exclusively in Old Izhkut until the publication of ''Blue Coasters'' in 222 BH. Although Izhkut [[w:Modernism|modernists]] have rejected the use of Old Izhkut and championed the use of modern Izhkut, Old Izhkut still takes an important part in Izhkut society.

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| || || l || || j || ||

|}

The [[w:Bilabial fricative|bilabial fricatives]] /ɸ β/ were fronted to [[w:Labiodental fricative|labiodental]] /f v/ in most descendants of Old Izhkut; however, some eastern [[Pokht]] varieties still preserve the original bilabial fricatives. Bilabial fricatives also appear in [[Colonial Izhkut]] as so-called "L-allophones"; as in, they appear as allophones of /f v/ before [[w:Lateral approximant|lateral approximants]].

===Vowels===

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! colspan=2 | !! Front !! Back

! colspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Front !! Back

|-

! colspan=2 | Close

| i || u

| colspan=2 | i || u

|-

! rowspan=2 | Mid

! Close-mid

| e || o

| e || ø || o

|-

! Open-mid

| ɛ ||

| colspan=2 | ɛ ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Open

| || ɑ

| colspan=2 | || ɑ

|}

/ø/ was an unstable vowel in Old Izhkut and was dropped in most descendants of Old Izhkut.

==Comparison with descendants==

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"

! !! '''Old Izhkut''' !! [[Izhkut]] !! [[Ilyod]] !! [[Pokht]]

|-

! "window"

| ''abarm''[ˈɑbɑɾm] || ''abarm''[ˈabaɾm][ˈabaɹm] || ''abalm''[ˈaβalm] || ''abam''[ˈɑb̥ɑm]

|-

! "blue"

| ''dioelle, djoelle''[ˈdʲøllɛ] || ''jull''[ˈɟûl][ˈd͡ʒuːl] || ''djelh''[ˈɟʝɛʎ] || ''tjoell''[ˈtʃøɫ]

|-

! "land"

| ''misodra, misoddra, misohra''[miˈsoðɾɑ] [miˈsohɾɑ][miˈsuðɾɑ] [miˈsuhɾɑ] || ''Misogra''"[[Colonial Izhkut|Colonies]]"[miˈsogɾa] || ''esudra''"home"[əˈsuðɾa] || ''misuğra''"Pokhtreg"[miˈsuːɽɑ]

|}

===A-fronting===

"'''A-fronting'''" ([[Izhkut]]: ''A-budrean'') refers to the process in which the originally [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|open back]] vowel /ɑ/ in Old Izhkut was fronted to a more [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|central]] /ä/ or even [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|front]] /a/ realisation. A-fronting was most common in [[Izhkut]] and [[Ilyod]] dialects, though it did not occur in the majority of [[Pokht]] dialects, where the originally open back pronunciation remained, exemplifying the more conservative phonological changes of Pokht.

===Debuccalisation and the Pokht ''ghayn''===

[[Category:Old Izhkut]] [[Category:Radael]] [[Category:Taskaric languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | name=Old Izhkut
 | altname = Pokht-Izhkut, Old Ishcot
-| nativename = dean ishcott
+| nativename = dean
-| pronunciation = ˈdʲɛn iʒkou̯t
+| pronunciation = ˈdʲɛn
 | creator = User:Jukethatbox
 | created = 2025
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 | ethnicity = Pokht-Izhkut people
 | state = Pokht-Izhkutrëa
-| era = As a native language,<br>500 UH—10 BH
+| era = As a native language,</br>500 UH—10 BH
 | ancestor1 = [[Proto-Taskaric]]
 | ancestor2 = Proto-Iskeric
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 | notice = ipa
 }}
-'''Old Izhkut'''(''dean ishcott'', <small>Old Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈdʲɛn iʒkou̯t]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''mëja izhkut'', [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈmɛɟa iʒkut] [ˈmɛd͡ʒa iʒkut]]]), also called '''Pokht-Izhkut''' or '''Old Ishcot''', is a [[w:Classical language|classical language]] of the Ilyic branch of the [[Taskaric languages]]. It originally developed in the Petrum region, where it was the official language of most of the Petrucian city-states, and was the native language of most of the "Proto-Izhkut" peoples that would later become the [[Izhkut]], [[Pokht]] and [[Ilyod]].
+'''Old Izhkut''' (''dean'', <small>Old Izhkut:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈdʲɛn]]]; [[Izhkut]]: ''mëja izhkut'', [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈmɛɟa iʒkut] [ˈmɛd͡ʒa iʒkut]]]), also called '''Pokht-Izhkut''' or '''Old Ishcot''', is a [[w:Classical language|classical language]] of the Ilyic branch of the [[Taskaric languages]]. It originally developed in the Petrum region, where it was the official language of most of the Petrucian city-states, and was the native language of most of the "Proto-Izhkut" peoples that would later become the [[Izhkut]], [[Pokht]] and [[Ilyod]].
-Old Izhkut began to diverge into the Pokht-Izhkut languages around 10 UH; [[Ilyod]] was the first to be attested separately from Old Izhkut, when it was declared the [[w:National language|national language]] of the emerging Kingdom of Ilyod(Old Izhkut: ''Iliodreag''; [[Ilyod]]: ''Myerilyud''). The growing [[Izhkut|Izhkutrëa]] followed suit shortly after at the turn of the BH, declaring [[Izhkut]] the administrative language of Izhkutrëa. [[Pokht]], historically known for more conservative dialectology, took longer to be recognised as a separate language from Old Izhkut; this only occurred through Izhkut occupation, which, after invading and establishing Izhkut control over the former Pokht city-states, enforced a [[Izhkutifisation|ban on the use of the Pokht language]], which logically required an actual [[Pokht#Dialectology|definition of a "Pokht" language]].
+Old Izhkut began to diverge into the Pokht-Izhkut languages around 10 UH; [[Ilyod]] was the first to be attested separately from Old Izhkut, when it was declared the [[w:National language|national language]] of the emerging Kingdom of Ilyod (Old Izhkut: ''Iliodreag''; [[Ilyod]]: ''Myerilyud''). The growing [[Izhkut|Izhkutrëa]] followed suit shortly after at the turn of the BH, declaring [[Izhkut]] the administrative language of Izhkutrëa. [[Pokht]], historically known for more conservative dialectology, took longer to be recognised as a separate language from Old Izhkut; this only occurred through Izhkut occupation, which, after invading and establishing Izhkut control over the former Pokht city-states, enforced a [[Izhkutifisation|ban on the use of the Pokht language]], which logically required an actual [[Pokht#Dialectology|definition of a "Pokht" language]].
 Although spoken Old Izhkut is not intelligible with any modern descendant of the language, it still holds high prestige in Izhkut society; Old Izhkut is taught at a compulsory level from the start of middle school onwards, and prose was historically written almost exclusively in Old Izhkut until the publication of ''Blue Coasters'' in 222 BH. Although Izhkut [[w:Modernism|modernists]] have rejected the use of Old Izhkut and championed the use of modern Izhkut, Old Izhkut still takes an important part in Izhkut society.
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 | || || l || || j || ||
 |}
+The [[w:Bilabial fricative|bilabial fricatives]] /ɸ β/ were fronted to [[w:Labiodental fricative|labiodental]] /f v/ in most descendants of Old Izhkut; however, some eastern [[Pokht]] varieties still preserve the original bilabial fricatives. Bilabial fricatives also appear in [[Colonial Izhkut]] as so-called "L-allophones"; as in, they appear as allophones of /f v/ before [[w:Lateral approximant|lateral approximants]].
 ===Vowels===
 {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
-! colspan=2 | !! Front !! Back
+! colspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | Front !! Back
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Close
-| i || u
+| colspan=2 | i || u
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | Mid
 ! Close-mid
-| e || o
+| e || ø || o
 |-
 ! Open-mid
-| ɛ ||
+| colspan=2 | ɛ ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Open
-| || ɑ
+| colspan=2 | || ɑ
 |}
+/ø/ was an unstable vowel in Old Izhkut and was dropped in most descendants of Old Izhkut.
+==Comparison with descendants==
+{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
+! !! '''Old Izhkut''' !! [[Izhkut]] !! [[Ilyod]] !! [[Pokht]]
+|-
+! "window"
+| ''abarm''</br>[ˈɑbɑɾm] || ''abarm''</br>[ˈabaɾm]</br>[ˈabaɹm] || ''abalm''</br>[ˈaβalm] || ''abam''</br>[ˈɑb̥ɑm]
+|-
+! "blue"
+| ''dioelle, djoelle''</br>[ˈdʲøllɛ] || ''jull''</br>[ˈɟûl]</br>[ˈd͡ʒuːl] || ''djelh''</br>[ˈɟʝɛʎ] || ''tjoell''</br>[ˈtʃøɫ]
+|-
+! "land"
+| ''misodra, misoddra, misohra''</br>[miˈsoðɾɑ] [miˈsohɾɑ]</br>[miˈsuðɾɑ] [miˈsuhɾɑ] || ''Misogra''</br>"[[Colonial Izhkut|Colonies]]"</br>[miˈsogɾa] || ''esudra''</br>"home"</br>[əˈsuðɾa] || ''misuğra''</br>"Pokhtreg"</br>[miˈsuːɽɑ]
+|}
+===A-fronting===
+"'''A-fronting'''" ([[Izhkut]]: ''A-budrean'') refers to the process in which the originally [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|open back]] vowel /ɑ/ in Old Izhkut was fronted to a more [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|central]] /ä/ or even [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|front]] /a/ realisation. A-fronting was most common in [[Izhkut]] and [[Ilyod]] dialects, though it did not occur in the majority of [[Pokht]] dialects, where the originally open back pronunciation remained, exemplifying the more conservative phonological changes of Pokht.
+===Debuccalisation and the Pokht ''ghayn''===
 [[Category:Old Izhkut]] [[Category:Radael]] [[Category:Taskaric languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]