Middle Tevvic

Ancient Tevvic
चैवैताण् (cēvētāṇ)
Pronunciation	[t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ]
Created by	Melinoë
Date	May, 2026
Native to	Uttarakhand
Ethnicity	Tevvics
Era	Spoken from the mid 12th to the late 17th centuries, developed into Modern Tevvic by 1700.
Language family	Indo-European Para-Germanic Chlesamnic Tevvic Ancient Tevvic
Early form	Proto-Chlesamnic
Writing system	Devanagari

Middle Tevvic (Autonym: चैवैताण्, /t͡ɕɛː.ʋɛː.ˈtɑːɳ/) was a language spoken in northern India, largely around the modern state of Uttarakhand. It is the direct descendant of Ancient Tevvic, though it is not intelligible with it in the slightest.

Development

Early Middle

Also called "Late Ancient"

• /ʎ/ > /ɕ/
• word final /Cʰ/ > /h/
• voiced aspirates to voiced, developing a minor tonal distinction
• beginning of stress shift to mesostatic throughout
• geminated aspirates to short

Middle proper

• final /ɑ, ə, ɛ, ɔ/ lost, long variants shorten to /ə/, /e, o, i, u/ > /ɛ, ɔ, e, o/
• final /h/ lost
• loss of nasals after oral stops, as in Ancient Tevvic "phḗthmạh" > Middle Tevvic "phēthe".
• voiceless aspirates to voiceless, imparting a high tone on the vowel
• /ə/ > /ɛ/

Phonology

Vowels

This first table is the set of "primary" vowels.

independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent		Independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent
अ	a	[ɑ]	प		आ	ā	[ɑː]	पा
इ	i	[i]	पि		ई	ī	[iː]	पी
उ	u	[u]	पु		ऊ	ū	[uː]	पू
ऍ	e	[ɛ]	पॅ		ऐ	ē	[ɛː]	पै
ऎ	ei	[e]	पॆ		ए	ēi	[eː]	पे
ऑ	o	[ɔ]	पॉ		औ	ō	[ɔː]	पौ
ऒ	ou	[o]	पॊ		ओ	ōu	[oː]	पो

This second table is the set of "altered" vowels, containing the front rounds and central vowels. These repurpose the anusvara as a quality modifier.

independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent		Independent	transliteration	IPA	dependent
इं	ị	[y]	पिं		ईं	ị̄	[yː]	पीं
उं	ụ	[ɨ]	पुं		ऊं	ụ̄	[ɨː]	पूं
ऍं	ẹ	[œ]	पॅं		ऐं	ẹ̄	[œː]	पैं
ऎं	ẹi	[ø]	पॆं		एं	ẹ̄i	[øː]	पें

Stress is marked through the udatta, such as प॑ (pá), though the anudatta is common for tall symbols (as in "पे॒" ("pḗi"))

Consonants

Phonetics →	Occlusive								Nasal		Approximant		Fricative
Voicing →	voiceless				voiced								voiceless		voiced
Aspiration →	unaspirated		aspirated		unaspirated		aspirated		unaspirated
Velar	क	ka [k]	ख	kha [k]	ग	ga [ɡ]	घ	gha [ɡ]					ह	ha [h]
Palatal	च	ca [tɕ]	छ	cha [tɕ]	ज	ja [dʑ]	झ	jha [dʑ]	ञ	ña [ɲ]	य	ya [j]	श	śa [ɕ]	झ़	źa [ʑ]
Retroflex	ट	ṭa [ʈ]	ठ	ṭha [ʈ]	ड	ḍa [ɖ]	ढ	ḍha [ɖ]	ण	ṇa [ɳ]	र	ra [ɻ]	ष	ṣa [ʂ]	ढ़	ẓa [ʐ]
Dental	त	ta [t̪]	थ	tha [t̪]	द	da [d̪]	ध	dha [d̪]	न	na [n̪]	ल	la [l]	स	sa [s]	ज़	za [z]
Labial	प	pa [p]	फ	pha [p]	ब	ba [b]	भ	bha [b]	म	ma [m]	व	va [ʋ]

Morphology

All inflectable terms follow one of three stress patterns, acrostatic (initial stress), mesostatic (stressed ending), or kinetic. kinetic stress originally entailed a moving stress, where it was acrostatic in some forms, but mesostatic in others, this "moving" stress has been leveled out, but the phonological effects remain, as in मंहः॑ (mạháh) but मंगः॑ (mạgáh).

Nominals

Nominals decline based on roughly 4 categories, those being number, case, gender (adjectives), and possessor (nouns). Noun roots may be derived for different genders, often for a semantic change.

Nouns

Possessive endings

	singular	plural
1st	-म ((-ma))	-ष ((-ṣa))
2nd	-थ ((-tha))	-ष्व ((-ṣva))
3rd	-ण ((-ṇa))	-नैस ((-nēsa))

Masculines

a-stem

a-stem masculine nouns (acrostatic)

	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)		फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)		[Term?]
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	उ॑ल्फॉः (úlphoh)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	फ॑ह्रॉः (pháhroh)	()	()
vocative	उ॑ल्फ् (úlph)	उ॑ल्फॉः (úlphoh)	फ॑ह्र् (pháhr)	फ॑ह्रॉः (pháhroh)	()	()
accusative	उ॑ल्फ (úlpha)	उ॑ल्फः (úlphah)	फ॑ह्र (pháhra)	फ॑ह्रः (pháhrah)	()	()
allative	उ॑ल्फौर् (úlphōr)	उ॑ल्फह्र्(úlphahr)	फ॑ह्रौर् (pháhrōr)	फ॑ह्रह्र् (pháhrahr)	()	()
genitive	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	उ॑ल्फां (úlphạ̄)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	फ॑ह्रां (pháhrạ̄)	()	()
ablative	उ॑ल्फॅच् (úlphec)	उ॑ल्फः (úlphah)	फ॑ह्रॅच् (pháhrec)	फ॑ह्रः (pháhrah)	()	()
dative	उ॑ल्फै (úlphē)	उ॑ल्फैसॉ (úlphēso)	फ॑ह्रै (pháhrē)	फ॑ह्रैसॉ (pháhrēso)	()	()
instrumental	उ॑ल्फॉ (úlpho)	उ॑ल्फंः (úlphạh)	फ॑ह्रॉ (pháhro)	फ॑ह्रंः (pháhrạh)	()	()

Verbs

Verbs are composed of roughly 3 roots, the present (plain), the past (voiced initial), and the future (voiced coda), from these is derived the subjunctive (or desiderative) by shortening the root vowel, as in phēth- > pheth-

Conjugation of फै॑थ्ण (phḗthṇa) (class 1 strong)

	positive							negative
	infinitive		participle					infinitive		participle
			present		past					present		past
active	फैथ्		फैध		फॅथ			तॉफैथ्		तॉफैध		तॉफॅथ
passive	फैछ्		फैधश्		फॅथश्			तॉफैछ्		तॉफैधश्		तॉफॅथश्
	active							active
	indicative			subjunctive				indicative			subjunctive
	present	past	future	present	past	future		present	past	future	present	past	future
1s	फैथम	भैथम	फैधम	फॅथम	भॅथम	फॅधम		तॉफैथम	तॉभैथम	तॉफैधम	तॉफॅथम	तॉभॅथम	तॉफॅधम
2s	फैथथ	भैथथ	फैधथ	फॅथथ	भॅथथ	फॅधथ		तॉफैथथ	तॉभैथथ	तॉफैधथ	तॉफॅथथ	तॉभॅथथ	तॉफॅधथ
3s	फैथण	भैथण	फैधण	फॅथण	भॅथण	फॅधण		तॉफैथण	तॉभैथण	तॉफैधण	तॉफॅथण	तॉभॅथण	तॉफॅधण
1p	फैथष	भैथष	फैधष	फॅथष	भॅथष	फॅधष		तॉफैथष	तॉभैथष	तॉफैधष	तॉफॅथष	तॉभॅथष	तॉफॅधष
2p	फैथष्व	भैथष्व	फैधष्व	फॅथष्व	भॅथष्व	फॅधष्व		तॉफैथष्व	तॉभैथष्व	तॉफैधष्व	तॉफॅथष्व	तॉभॅथष्व	तॉफॅधष्व
3p	फैथनैस	भैथनैस	फैधनैस	फॅथनैस	भॅथनैस	फॅधनैस		तॉफैथनैस	तॉभैथनैस	तॉफैधनैस	तॉफॅथनैस	तॉभॅथनैस	तॉफॅधनैस
impersonal	फैथ	भैथ	फैध	फॅथ	भॅथ	फॅध		तॉफैथ	तॉभैथ	तॉफैध	तॉफॅथ	तॉभॅथ	तॉफॅध
	passive							passive
1s	फैथमश्	भैथमश्	फैधमश्	फॅथमश्	भॅथमश्	फॅधमश्		तॉफैथमश्	तॉभैथमश्	तॉफैधमश्	तॉफॅथमश्	तॉभॅथमश्	तॉफॅधमश्
2s	फैथथश्	भैथथश्	फैधथश्	फॅथथश्	भॅथथश्	फॅधथश्		तॉफैथथश्	तॉभैथथश्	तॉफैधथश्	तॉफॅथथश्	तॉभॅथथश्	तॉफॅधथश्
3s	फैथणश्	भैथणश्	फैधणश्	फॅथणश्	भॅथणश्	फॅधणश्		तॉफैथणश्	तॉभैथणश्	तॉफैधणश्	तॉफॅथणश्	तॉभॅथणश्	तॉफॅधणश्
1p	फैथषश्	भैथषश्	फैधषश्	फॅथषश्	भॅथषश्	फॅधषश्		तॉफैथषश्	तॉभैथषश्	तॉफैधषश्	तॉफॅथषश्	तॉभॅथषश्	तॉफॅधषश्
2p	फैथष्वश्	भैथष्वश्	फैधष्वश्	फॅथष्वश्	भॅथष्वश्	फॅधष्वश्		तॉफैथष्वश्	तॉभैथष्वश्	तॉफैधष्वश्	तॉफॅथष्वश्	तॉभॅथष्वश्	तॉफॅधष्वश्
3p	फैथनैसश्	भैथनैसश्	फैधनैसश्	फॅथनैसश्	भॅथनैसश्	फॅधनैसश्		तॉफैथनैसश्	तॉभैथनैसश्	तॉफैधनैसश्	तॉफॅथनैसश्	तॉभॅथनैसश्	तॉफॅधनैसश्
impersonal	फैथश्	भैथश्	फैधश्	फॅथश्	भॅथश्	फॅधश्		तॉफैथश्	तॉभैथश्	तॉफैधश्	तॉफॅथश्	तॉभॅथश्	तॉफॅधश्

Augmented conjugation of फै॑थ्ण (phḗthṇa) (class 1 strong)

		active
		indicative perfect			conditional
		present	past	future	present	past	future
singular	1st	अफैथम	अभैथम	अफैधम	अफॅथम	अभॅथम	अफॅधम
	2nd	अफैथथ	अभैथथ	अफैधथ	अफॅथथ	अभॅथथ	अफॅधथ
	3rd	अफैथण	अभैथण	अफैधण	अफॅथण	अभॅथण	अफॅधण
plural	1st	अफैथष	अभैथष	अफैधष	अफॅथष	अभॅथष	अफॅधष
	2nd	अफैथष्व	अभैथष्व	अफैधष्व	अफॅथष्व	अभॅथष्व	अफॅधष्व
	3rd	अफैथनैस	अभैथनैस	अफैधनैस	अफॅथनैस	अभॅथनैस	अफॅधनैस
impersonal		अफैथ	अभैथ	अफैध	अफॅथ	अभॅथ	अफॅध
passive
singular	1st	अफैथमश्	अभैथमश्	अफैधमश्	अफॅथमश्	अभॅथमश्	अफॅधमश्
	2nd	अफैथथश्	अभैथथश्	अफैधथश्	अफॅथथश्	अभॅथथश्	अफॅधथश्
	3rd	अफैथणश्	अभैथणश्	अफैधणश्	अफॅथणश्	अभॅथणश्	अफॅधणश्
plural	1st	अफैथषश्	अभैथषश्	अफैधषश्	अफॅथषश्	अभॅथषश्	अफॅधषश्
	2nd	अफैथष्वश्	अभैथष्वश्	अफैधष्वश्	अफॅथष्वश्	अभॅथष्वश्	अफॅधष्वश्
	3rd	अफैथनैसश्	अभैथनैसश्	अफैधनैसश्	अफॅथनैसश्	अभॅथनैसश्	अफॅधनैसश्
impersonal		अफैथश्	अभैथश्	अफैधश्	अफॅथश्	अभॅथश्	अफॅधश्

Texts

UDHR Article 1

Original (English)

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Vocabulary

Phrasebook

Greetings
Tevvotanva	English	Usage notes
	welcome
	good morning	must agree for gender
	good evening
	good day, (formal) hello
	farewell, goodbye
	hello, hi	casual
	(good)bye

Introductions
Tevvotanva	English
	what is your name?
	my name is...
	how are you?
	I am [adj], and you?
	where are you from?
	I am from...

Numerals

1	ऐ॑णंः (ḗṇạh)
2	थ्वॅः॑ (thvéh)
3	ठाः॑ (ṭhā́h)
4	ष्ट्वा॑र् (ṣṭvā́r)
5	प॑च् (pác)
6	स॑ख्श् (sákhś)
7	ष॑वॉथ् (ṣávoth)
8	अ॑ढ़्दॉथ् (áẓdoth)
9	न॑वॉथ् (návoth)
10	च॑हॉथ् (cáhoth)
11	ऐ॑णंचहॉथ् (ḗṇạcahoth)
12	थ्वॅ॑चहॉथ् (thvécahoth)

Colors

Colors in Middle Tevvic · रन्गॅ (range) (layout · text)

लौग्झ़ (lōgźa), फ्लेकॅ (phlēike)	फीमॅ (phīme), मॉश्ग्व (mośgva); अस्काथॅ (askāthe)	स्वर्ठॅ (svarṭhe)
रौध (rōdha), ऑण्धॉणॅ (oṇdhoṇe)	तुं (tụ); ऍण (eṇa)	फ्लॅव (phleva), फैतातॅ (phētāte)
ह्रॉनि (hroni)	षॅल्ग्व (ṣelgva), हरितॅ (harite)	नील् (nīl)
अमाथॅ (amāthe)	हाज़्व (hāzva)	मॅचक् (mecak)
शौण् (śōṇ)	शौण् (śōṇ)	पाटल (pāṭala)

Lexical comparison

Leipzig-Jakarta

Leipzig-Jakarta List
Rank	English	Proto-?	Tevvotanva
1	fire		[Term?]
2	nose		[Term?]
3	to go		[Term?]
4	water		[Term?]
5	mouth (body) (river)		[Term?]
6	tongue		[Term?]
7	blood		[Term?]
8	bone		[Term?]
9	2sg pronoun (you)		[Term?]
10	root		[Term?]
11	to come (move)		[Term?]
12	breast		[Term?]
13	rain		[Term?]
14	1sg pronoun (I)		[Term?]
15	name		[Term?]
16	louse (Phthirapteron)		[Term?]
17	wing		[Term?]
18	flesh/meat		[Term?]
19	arm/hand		[Term?]
20	fly (Dipteron)		[Term?]
21	night (time)		[Term?]
22	ear		[Term?]
23	neck		[Term?]
24	far (prep.)		[Term?]
25	to do/make		[Term?]
26	house/structure		[Term?]
27	stone/rock (singular)		[Term?]
28	bitter		[Term?]
29	to say		[Term?]
30	tooth		[Term?]
31	hair		[Term?]
32	big		[Term?]
33	one (number)		[Term?]
34	who?		[Term?]
35	3sg pronoun (they) (m) (f) (n)		[Term?]
36	to hit/beat		[Term?]
37	leg/foot		[Term?]
38	horn		[Term?]
39	this (pron.)		[Term?]
40	fish		[Term?]
41	yesterday		[Term?]
42	to drink		[Term?]
43	black (color)		[Term?]
44	navel		[Term?]
45	to stand		[Term?]
46	to bite		[Term?]
47	back (body)		[Term?]
48	wind		[Term?]
49	smoke (substance)		[Term?]
50	what?		[Term?]
51	child (kin term)		[Term?]
52	egg		[Term?]
53	to give		[Term?]
54	new (adj.)		[Term?]
55	to burn (intr.)		[Term?]
56	not (adj./adv.)		[Term?]
57	good	[Term?]
58	to know		[Term?]
59	knee		[Term?]
60	sand		[Term?]
61	to laugh		[Term?]
62	to hear		[Term?]
63	soil		[Term?]
64	leaf		[Term?]
65	red (color)		[Term?]
66	liver (organ)		[Term?]
67	to hide		[Term?]
68	skin/hide (animal) (general)		[Term?]
69	to suck		[Term?]
70	to carry		[Term?]
71	ant (Formid)		[Term?]
72	heavy		[Term?]
73	to take		[Term?]
74	old		[Term?]
75	to eat		[Term?]
76	thigh		[Term?]
77	thick		[Term?]
78	long (spacially)		[Term?]
79	to blow		[Term?]
80	wood		[Term?]
81	to run		[Term?]
82	to fall		[Term?]
83	eye (body-part)		[Term?]
84	ash		[Term?]
85	tail		[Term?]
86	dog		[Term?]
87	to cry/weep		[Term?]
88	to tie		[Term?]
89	to see		[Term?]
90	sweet		[Term?]
91	rope		[Term?]
92	shade/shadow		[Term?]
93	bird		[Term?]
94	salt		[Term?]
95	small		[Term?]
96	wide		[Term?]
97	star		[Term?]
98	in		[Term?]
99	hard (materially)		[Term?]
100	to crush/grind		[Term?]

See also

• Middle Tevvic dictionary