Paranukian: Difference between revisions
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* people of a high social order, such as the elderly, religious officials and elected politicians, are always referred to in the third-person with the singular definite, such as '''''te''' Eöre Mokimiga hoi...'' "Ëore Mokimiga declares..." | * people of a high social order, such as the elderly, religious officials and elected politicians, are always referred to in the third-person with the singular definite, such as '''''te''' Eöre Mokimiga hoi...'' "Ëore Mokimiga declares..." | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Paranukian verbs are inflected on subject number, subject definiteness, tense, and mood. Paranukian has no continuous aspect, only an indicative one which is unmarked. | Paranukian verbs are inflected on subject number, subject definiteness, tense, and mood. Paranukian has no continuous aspect, only an indicative one which is unmarked. Personal pronouns are considered definite. | ||
Paranukian verbs fall into two categories, I and II. Class I verbs end in ''-i'' in their infinitive form, and are inflected as such: | Paranukian verbs fall into two categories, I and II. Class I verbs end in ''-i'' in their infinitive form, and are inflected as such: | ||
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! rowspan=4 | Non-past | ! rowspan=4 | Non-past | ||
! {{gcl|ind}} | ! {{gcl|ind}} | ||
| ''-i'' || ''- | | ''-i'' || ''-isi'' || ''-ihi'' || ''-ifi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|pot}} | ! {{gcl|pot}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-iki'' || ''-isiki'' || ''-ihiki'' || ''-ifiki'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|cond}} | ! {{gcl|cond}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-ini'' || ''-isini'' || ''-ihini'' || ''-ifini'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|imp}} | ! {{gcl|imp}} | ||
| colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''- | | colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''-oto'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Past | ! rowspan=3 | Past | ||
! {{gcl|ind}} | ! {{gcl|ind}} | ||
| ''-e'' || ''- | | ''-e'' || ''-esi'' || ''-ehi'' || ''-efi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|pot}} | ! {{gcl|pot}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-eki'' || ''-esiki'' || ''-ehiki'' || ''-efiki'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|cond}} | ! {{gcl|cond}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-eni'' || ''-esini'' || ''-ehini'' || ''-efini'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Class II verbs include a morphological future tense and are generally more irregular, though they typically end in ''-u'' in the infinitive. | Class II verbs include a morphological future tense and are generally more irregular, though they typically end in ''-u'' in the infinitive. | ||
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! rowspan=4 | Present | ! rowspan=4 | Present | ||
! {{gcl|ind}} | ! {{gcl|ind}} | ||
| ''-u'' || ''- | | ''-u'' || ''-usu'' || ''-uhu'' || ''-ufu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|pot}} | ! {{gcl|pot}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-uku'' || ''-usiku'' || ''-uhiku'' || ''-ufiku'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|cond}} | ! {{gcl|cond}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-unu'' || ''-usinu'' || ''-uhinu'' || ''-ufinu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|imp}} | ! {{gcl|imp}} | ||
| colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''- | | colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''-oho'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Past | ! rowspan=3 | Past | ||
! {{gcl|ind}} | ! {{gcl|ind}} | ||
| ''-e'' || ''- | | ''-e'' || ''-osu'' || ''-ohu'' || ''-ofu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|pot}} | ! {{gcl|pot}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-eki'' || ''-osiku'' || ''-ohiku'' || ''-ofiku'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|cond}} | ! {{gcl|cond}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-eni'' || ''-osinu'' || ''-ohinu'' || ''-ofinu'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Future | ! rowspan=3 | Future | ||
! {{gcl|ind}} | ! {{gcl|ind}} | ||
| ''-a'' || ''- | | ''-a'' || ''-isa'' || ''-iha'' || ''-ifa'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|pot}} | ! {{gcl|pot}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-uka'' || ''-usika'' || ''-uhika'' || ''-ufika'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! {{gcl|cond}} | ! {{gcl|cond}} | ||
| ''- | | ''-una'' || ''-usina'' || ''-uhina'' || ''-ufina'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Paranukian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Paranukian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||