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Revision as of 22:32, 7 July 2016
The Azzanic languages (Tergetian: sa-brìs Azzàinìne) are a family of consonantal-root languages spoken on the Wiebian subcontinent, as well as on a set of islands off of the North Wiebian Sea, including Tergetian and Rozzino. They are descended from Proto-Azzanic (PAzz).
Origin
The Azzanic languages bear the name of the legendary hero Azzàn, reconstructed as *ʔAzzānum, to whom Tergetians and Rozzinians trace their descent.
Phylogeny
- Western Azzanic
- Old Tergetian
- Modern Tergetian
- hyper-Terg?
- Old Tergetian
- Eastern Azzanic
Phylogeny
Phonology
Consonants
Proto-Azzanic is reconstructed with 29 consonants.
| Labial | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | coarticulated | ||||||||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | |||||||||
| Plosive | plain | *p | *ṕ *x́ | *t | *c | *ŧ | *ṭ | *k | *q | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *b́ | *d | *ʒ | *đ | *ḍ | *g | *ɢ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | *s | *ś | ||||||||
| voiced | *z | *ź | |||||||||
| Approximant | *w | *l | *ɻ | *y | |||||||
| Trill | *ʙ | *r | |||||||||
Consonant correspondences
| PAzz | *p | *b | *t | *d | *þ | *ð | *s | *z | *c | *ʒ | *ś | *ź | *ć | *ʒ́ | *ṭ | *ḍ | *k | *g | *q | *ɢ | *m | *n | *l | *r | *y | *w | *ʔ | *h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tergetian | p | b | t | d | t | d | s | z | s | z | ś | ź | ŧ | đ | ṭ | ḍ | c | g | q | ġ | m | n | l | r | ˀ, coloring | f, coloring | ˀ | ˀ |
| Rozzino | p | b | t | d | f | v | s | ż | z | ż | sci | sgi | ci | gi | ci | gi | c(h) | g(h) | qu | gu | m | n | l | r | gi, coloring | v, coloring | [ʔ] | h [ʔ] |
Vowels
Similar to Baltic:
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | *i *ī | *u *ū |
| Mid | *ō | |
| Open | *e *ē | *a *ā |
| Diphthongs | *ey *ew | *ay *aw |
Suprasegmentals
Stress fell on the first heavy (CVː or CVC) syllable (the last syllable was disregarded); in the absence of a heavy syllable, the stress fell on the first syllable.
Phonotactics
Morphology
Proto-Azzanic had Philippine alignment as does Rozzino and ʔAškāsīnių. Verb-initial clauses were the norm as in Semitic and Austronesian languages. Primitive Tergetian had changed this alignment into a nominative-accusative system.
Nouns
Nouns and adjectives declined for three cases: direct, indirect and genitive.
| First declension: *kullum 'bird' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *kullum | *kulles |
| Indirect | *kullās | *kullēm |
| Genitive | *kullī | *kullām |
| Second declension: *ripṭus 'throat' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *ripṭus | *ripṭās |
| Indirect | *ripṭay | *ripṭum |
| Genitive | *ripṭūs | *ripṭa |
| Third declension: *ʕattis 'horn' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Direct | *ʕattis | *ʕattēs |
| Indirect | *ʕattey | *ʕattim |
| Genitive | *ʕattīs | *ʕatte |
Verbs
Verbs had an extensive trigger system marked by various binyanim. Verbs also inflected for the tense and subject (the argument in the direct case).