Tlu: Difference between revisions
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*''chnousaṭ'' (f) < ''xnəwsaṭ'' "cloud" | *''chnousaṭ'' (f) < ''xnəwsaṭ'' "cloud" | ||
*''hi'' 'and' | *''hi'' 'and' | ||
*''tāňi'' (m) < '' | *''tāňi'' (m) < ''tāňi'' "house" | ||
*''sud'' (m) < ''sutʼ'' "man" | *''sud'' (m) < ''sutʼ'' "man" | ||
*''σai'' (adj) < ''łaj'' "good" | *''σai'' (adj) < ''łaj'' "good" | ||
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*dzxʷaj > ''sfai'' | *dzxʷaj > ''sfai'' | ||
*ɡəːɡaj > ''qə̄qai'' | *ɡəːɡaj > ''qə̄qai'' | ||
*tɬʼɲawŋip > '' | *tɬʼɲawŋip > ''λňauŋip'' | ||
*tsuj > ''suo'' | *tsuj > ''suo'' | ||
*tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > ''zbibzaił'' | *tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > ''zbibzaił'' | ||
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*ɡəw > ''gou'' | *ɡəw > ''gou'' | ||
*ɟiː > ''ďī'' | *ɟiː > ''ďī'' | ||
*xʷaːtsʼɲəː > '' | *xʷaːtsʼɲəː > ''fāzňə̄'' | ||
qsamňuo ďə̄ sai fie hū schau sadijə̄ muo vī pchai bou ṭa ḷou buchou ťchə̄ṭāb zṇiepsai łaisəṭ łuchṭi panāch zoudū ʔidieb sie pouňuob ḷu būďīz əŋʔī za ƛauchkīb sgi hichsaim huŋei fŋieŋŋuo tuo fsīzie bīpchou zmaiṭcha chṇə ba ŋou ňī ḍuofďəƛ luťi suojau łei sə̄ zou ƛeizbouď əňchāƛmāḍ kə̄ buoḷə̄ łūknu kḍaďə̄ schā chuopḍei slī vaiṭṇə̄ snuo dbou souṇəz vəbeib gouchuḷ ňu pūntū tchai əṇsausied stabaiλ jāffīṭ əlsou pgaiheiʔ sachna | |||
tʼxʷə naɬχujts ʔiː ltsiw ʂiːpʼiː ɲuːtʼiwtʂ kʼuj qʼəj tiwiː ʔuːdhi tʂʼəːtsɲəːɲ qʼu ʔəj tsʼuku qʼuχtʼujtʼ bəwɢawn kʼəmχəjɡʷ taː ɢi mitɬuː məw həː tsmiw ɲaj ʔawɡʷhəʔ dʐaj qʈawməjʔ kʷʼajqiː qəʔəjɡʷ səwhiwts ɟuː ʔχiʔəw ɳuː ltajxʷcʼəwtʂ ʔəjtgʷaː ʔujʔəːʔ ʔə xʷujkʷxʷəwʈ ki buj bəw ʔuːmə quː ʔiw maw ʔəːχpaːɡʷ hɳaː ɬaj kʷɳiːqʼəː dʐəː xlaj ɬgəwdziːkʷ tʼəw dɮaːʂuːʂ ɖəw bajmpaj ləː tɬəɲɲu cu ɬəw pʼəjdɮə ɖiːcʼujʔ htsʼiːʔuj ɡʷi ʈa tʂuː χnəwtsaʈ ɳiː kləːʔəwɭ χiw cʼi ʂimiw ʔaj dʐu χəwɡəː qʼiːsaw lgəː χəːtsuʔ qaːwəj hkʷajkʷʼiːʔ pɖuː xʷcujtsiwdʐ ʔiːxʷtʼəː tɬʼəːxtsiː ʔaχawxʷ ʈʼuxʷbaj xʔaː xʷiw xʷdɮaj maː lʔəqiːʔ ɖəjxʈʼaːdʐ ɬqəjʈʼaɭ ʔəjbəː daxpʼawkʷ xdzuː | |||
cʼu sgʷə ʔkʷʼaː maːwuj pajku həːtɬiχ tʂʼəthəːɡʷ pʼaŋud cniwxʷŋi biː dʐə xʷqaːχʈʼiː χi kʷʼəːʔiwts caːʔujɲ dzuj tsʼiw bujtɬuːxʷ tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː ɡʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawɡʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwɡʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəɡ ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwɡʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ ɡujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhɡaːd ɡujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː ɡʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts | cʼu sgʷə ʔkʷʼaː maːwuj pajku həːtɬiχ tʂʼəthəːɡʷ pʼaŋud cniwxʷŋi biː dʐə xʷqaːχʈʼiː χi kʷʼəːʔiwts caːʔujɲ dzuj tsʼiw bujtɬuːxʷ tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː ɡʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawɡʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwɡʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəɡ ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwɡʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ ɡujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhɡaːd ɡujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː ɡʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts | ||
xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ ɡʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl ɡuɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː ɡaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːɡʷ ʔiː ɡʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjɡ lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi ɡaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj ɡʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjɡuj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ | xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ ɡʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl ɡuɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː ɡaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːɡʷ ʔiː ɡʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjɡ lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi ɡaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj ɡʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjɡuj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ | ||
Revision as of 17:44, 4 August 2016
Tlu (Tlu: məchə̄tvaʔ guṇmaʔ 'Tlu sound' or 'Tlu language') is an ancient Mustlup language inspired by my oldest draft of Proto-Talmic.
todo
- zoug (m) = "person"
- ṭunie (f) = "tree"
- ďəsmū (m) < ḱʼəsmū "woman"
- ʔəḷ < ʔəḷ "no, not"
- tī < tiwī "yes"
- sufnə (f) < suxʷnə "rain"
- seib (m) < səyb "snow"
- kuoṇḍaiḍ (m) < kʷuyṇḍayṭʼ "net"
- gai (f) < gay "east"
- chƛətum (f) < x̌ƛətum "west"
- pəsə (f) < pəṣə "south"
- ʔauʔāp (f) < ʔawʔākʷ "north"
- guṇma (m) < ɡuṇma "sound, language"
- nīmə (m) < nīmə "water"
- sλəp (f) < sƛʼəp "land"
- chnousaṭ (f) < xnəwsaṭ "cloud"
- hi 'and'
- tāňi (m) < tāňi "house"
- sud (m) < sutʼ "man"
- σai (adj) < łaj "good"
- bugu (adj) < bukʼu "bad"
- vəjāz (adj) < wəjhāḍẓ "small"
- ʔaimu (v) < ʔaymu "eat"
- zə̄ŋauz (f) < tsʼə̄ŋawtsʼ "lightning"
- buoƛūf (intj) < buyƛūxʷ "hello! greetings!"
- qintais (m) < "film, screen"
- nuchsi (m) < nuxci 'hand'
- hei (intj) < qʼəy "Oh! Ah!"
- xʷɬaːləj > flālei
- kəːtsʼaː > kə̄zā
- χɳəːxʷnawpʼ > chṇə̄fnaub
- qʼəj > hei
- χiːɭaj > chīḷai
- ŋqʼəjuː > əŋŋəjū
- χpʼiw > chbie
- ɭɖiw > əḷḍie
- pɭəχɬiɡ > pḷəchlig
- tʂajhawp > saihaup
- ʈajqʼiʂ > ṭaihis
- dzxʷaj > sfai
- ɡəːɡaj > qə̄qai
- tɬʼɲawŋip > λňauŋip
- tsuj > suo
- tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > zbibzaił
- tɬuːxʷtʼuː > ƛūfdū
- tɬʼu > λu
- ɡəw > gou
- ɟiː > ďī
- xʷaːtsʼɲəː > fāzňə̄
qsamňuo ďə̄ sai fie hū schau sadijə̄ muo vī pchai bou ṭa ḷou buchou ťchə̄ṭāb zṇiepsai łaisəṭ łuchṭi panāch zoudū ʔidieb sie pouňuob ḷu būďīz əŋʔī za ƛauchkīb sgi hichsaim huŋei fŋieŋŋuo tuo fsīzie bīpchou zmaiṭcha chṇə ba ŋou ňī ḍuofďəƛ luťi suojau łei sə̄ zou ƛeizbouď əňchāƛmāḍ kə̄ buoḷə̄ łūknu kḍaďə̄ schā chuopḍei slī vaiṭṇə̄ snuo dbou souṇəz vəbeib gouchuḷ ňu pūntū tchai əṇsausied stabaiλ jāffīṭ əlsou pgaiheiʔ sachna
tʼxʷə naɬχujts ʔiː ltsiw ʂiːpʼiː ɲuːtʼiwtʂ kʼuj qʼəj tiwiː ʔuːdhi tʂʼəːtsɲəːɲ qʼu ʔəj tsʼuku qʼuχtʼujtʼ bəwɢawn kʼəmχəjɡʷ taː ɢi mitɬuː məw həː tsmiw ɲaj ʔawɡʷhəʔ dʐaj qʈawməjʔ kʷʼajqiː qəʔəjɡʷ səwhiwts ɟuː ʔχiʔəw ɳuː ltajxʷcʼəwtʂ ʔəjtgʷaː ʔujʔəːʔ ʔə xʷujkʷxʷəwʈ ki buj bəw ʔuːmə quː ʔiw maw ʔəːχpaːɡʷ hɳaː ɬaj kʷɳiːqʼəː dʐəː xlaj ɬgəwdziːkʷ tʼəw dɮaːʂuːʂ ɖəw bajmpaj ləː tɬəɲɲu cu ɬəw pʼəjdɮə ɖiːcʼujʔ htsʼiːʔuj ɡʷi ʈa tʂuː χnəwtsaʈ ɳiː kləːʔəwɭ χiw cʼi ʂimiw ʔaj dʐu χəwɡəː qʼiːsaw lgəː χəːtsuʔ qaːwəj hkʷajkʷʼiːʔ pɖuː xʷcujtsiwdʐ ʔiːxʷtʼəː tɬʼəːxtsiː ʔaχawxʷ ʈʼuxʷbaj xʔaː xʷiw xʷdɮaj maː lʔəqiːʔ ɖəjxʈʼaːdʐ ɬqəjʈʼaɭ ʔəjbəː daxpʼawkʷ xdzuː cʼu sgʷə ʔkʷʼaː maːwuj pajku həːtɬiχ tʂʼəthəːɡʷ pʼaŋud cniwxʷŋi biː dʐə xʷqaːχʈʼiː χi kʷʼəːʔiwts caːʔujɲ dzuj tsʼiw bujtɬuːxʷ tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː ɡʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawɡʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwɡʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəɡ ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwɡʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ ɡujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhɡaːd ɡujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː ɡʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ ɡʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl ɡuɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː ɡaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːɡʷ ʔiː ɡʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjɡ lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi ɡaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj ɡʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjɡuj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ
Phonology
Consonants
/m n ɳ ɲ ŋ p t tɬ ʈ c k q ʔ b d dɮ ɖ ɟ g f s̠ ɬ x h z̠ ɮ ʋ l ɭ j/ ⟨m n ṇ ñ ŋ p t ƛ ṭ ť k q ʔ b d λ ḍ ď g f s σ ch h z ʒ v l ḷ j⟩
Vowels
/i iː u uː ə əː a aː ai au ei ou ie uo/ ⟨i ī u ū ə ə̄ a ā ai au ei ou ie uo⟩
Orthography
Prosody
Stress
Stress falls on the first heavy (CV̄, CVV or CVC) syllable, if it is not the final syllable. If no syllables are long, the first syllable is stressed.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
- 1sg, 2sg, 3sg, 1pl, 2pl, 3pl: sƛī, ŋə̄, bəʔ, bau, zad, chau, bəbuo, bəbəv
Nouns
Nouns are reduplicated for plural, and take possessive prefixes. They do not decline for case, unlike adjectives and determiners. When nouns are preceded by a determiner or an adjective, they (even if plural) do not take a plural form.
| chnousaṭ - 'cloud' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number→ State↓ |
Singular | Plural |
| Indefinite | chnousaṭ | chəchnousaṭ |
| 1sg possessor | łichnousaṭ | łichəchnousaṭ |
| 2sg possessor | ŋəchnousaṭ | ŋəchəchnousaṭ |
| 3sg.m possessor | səchnousaṭ | səchnousaṭ |
| 3sg.f possessor | sūchnousaṭ | sūchəchnousaṭ |
| 1pl possessor | zdəchnousaṭ | zdəchəchnousaṭ |
| 2pl possessor | hauchnousaṭ | hauchəchnousaṭ |
| 3pl.m possessor | səŋchnousaṭ | səŋchəchnousaṭ |
| 3pl.f possessor | səstchnousaṭ | səstchəchnousaṭ |
- mich sud sə·tətāňi
- DEF-ACC man 3SG-PL-house
- the man's houses
Adjectives
Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.
| zviṭəʔ 'big' (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | zviṭəʔ | zviṭuo |
| Oblique | zviṭuch | zviṭəŋ |
| zviṭəʔ 'big' (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | zviṭou | zviṭə̄f |
| Oblique | zviṭə̄ʔ | zviṭə̄st |
The definite article inflects as follows:
| miʔ 'definite article' (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | miʔ | muo |
| Oblique | mich | miŋ |
| miʔ 'definite article' (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | mie | mə̄f |
| Oblique | mə̄ʔ | mə̄st |
Verbs
- vimaḷch = I sit
- ŋəmaḷch = you sit
- ʔəmaḷch = he sits
- ʔūmaḷch = she sits
- zamaḷch = we sit
- chamaḷch = you people sit
- ʔəmmaḷch = they sit
- -au = past tense?
- sva- = negative
Numerals
Tlu uses a base-12 numeral system. Numerals are indeclinable.
- 1: seiďu /ˈseiɟu/
- 2: bli /bli/
- 3: sqā /sqaː/
- 4: māvi /ˈmaːʋi/
- 5: paiku /ˈpaiku/
- 6: ə̄ƛich /ˈəːtɬix/
- 7: zətə̄ /ˈzətəː/
- 8: baŋud /ˈbaŋud/
- 9: ďavuň /ˈɟaʋuɲ/
- 10: fqāchṭī /ˈfqaːxʈiː/
- 11: bə̄zie /ˈbəːzie/
- 12: zie /zie/
- 144: ʔənƛə̄ḷ
- 1728: chapkit
The ordinal numbers are adjectives:
- 1: nəʔtmu
- 2: nəʔbli
- 3: nəʔsqā
etc.