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Laceyiam: Difference between revisions
→The verb "to be" (haiske)
| Line 1,987: | Line 1,987: | ||
|høysu | |høysu | ||
|haitsumisu | |haitsumisu | ||
| | |bąmby | ||
|jaliauśim | |jaliauśim | ||
|hiśvāṣa | |hiśvāṣa | ||
| Line 1,993: | Line 1,993: | ||
|2SG | |2SG | ||
|jīð | |jīð | ||
| | |hės | ||
|haitsumið | |haitsumið | ||
| | |bąmmið | ||
|jaliauśið | |jaliauśið | ||
|hąi | |hąi | ||
| Line 2,001: | Line 2,001: | ||
|3SG | |3SG | ||
|jar | |jar | ||
| | |hėt | ||
|haitsumįt | |haitsumįt | ||
| | |bąmbir | ||
|jaliauśi | |jaliauśi | ||
|hās | |hās | ||
| Line 2,009: | Line 2,009: | ||
|1PL | |1PL | ||
|jńām | |jńām | ||
| | |jeiśi | ||
|haitsumīsė | |haitsumīsė | ||
| | |bąmbiyām | ||
|jaliaukṣi | |jaliaukṣi | ||
|hiṣraṭḥā | |hiṣraṭḥā | ||
| Line 2,017: | Line 2,017: | ||
|2PL | |2PL | ||
|jńāð | |jńāð | ||
| | |jeiki | ||
|haitsumik | |haitsumik | ||
| | |bąmbikām | ||
|jaliauseki | |jaliauseki | ||
|haisę | |haisę | ||
| Line 2,025: | Line 2,025: | ||
|3PL | |3PL | ||
|jhis | |jhis | ||
| | |jeithe | ||
|haitsumīdė | |haitsumīdė | ||
| | |bąmbithās | ||
|jaliauṣṭhe | |jaliauṣṭhe | ||
|haiṣṭhi | |haiṣṭhi | ||
|} | |} | ||
Note that the imperfect and pluperfect are actually regularly formed with the normal terminations and the stems ''haits- ''and ''jalʲ-'' respectively. In spoken Laceyiam, the past forms (''høysu, | Note that the imperfect and pluperfect are actually regularly formed with the normal terminations and the stems ''haits- ''and ''jalʲ-'' respectively. In spoken Laceyiam, the past forms (''høysu, hės...'') are increasingly often used in place of the imperfect ones (''haitsumisu, haitsumið...''). | ||
''haiske ''is usually defined as an exterior-only verb, but actually there is a single interior 3rd person singular form which is used in the existential construction. This form always needs the pronoun ''tami ''and an accusative argument. The forms are '''tami jąu''' (present), '''tami hiṣąu '''(past), '''tami haitsumęn '''(imperfect), '''tami bąmbstąu '''(future), and '''tami jaliauśian '''(pluperfect). An example construction is ''tami ėmīlau jąu ''"there is a tiger", with ''ėmīla ''"tiger" in the accusative case. Note that neither the verb nor the pronoun vary for number, thus "there are tigers" is ''tami ėmīlarau jąu.'' | ''haiske ''is usually defined as an exterior-only verb, but actually there is a single interior 3rd person singular form which is used in the existential construction. This form always needs the pronoun ''tami ''and an accusative argument. The forms are '''tami jąu''' (present), '''tami hiṣąu '''(past), '''tami haitsumęn '''(imperfect), '''tami bąmbstąu '''(future), and '''tami jaliauśian '''(pluperfect). An example construction is ''tami ėmīlau jąu ''"there is a tiger", with ''ėmīla ''"tiger" in the accusative case. Note that neither the verb nor the pronoun vary for number, thus "there are tigers" is ''tami ėmīlarau jąu.'' | ||
The verb ''tadhaiske'' (to treat someone, to behave with someone) is a compound of ''haiske'', but it can be conjugated in two different ways: | |||
* as a compound verb, with ''tad-'' plus all forms of ''haiske'', thus indicative present ''tańjū, tańjīð, tańjar...'', indicative past ''tadhøysu, tadhės, tadhėt...'' and so on. | |||
* as a regular verb, with root ''tad-hais-'', and thus with indicative present ''tadhaisu, tadhaiśvið, tadhaisur...'', indicative past ''tadhaisum, tadhaisuð, tadhaisut...''. Anyway, even in this case, in other voices the conjugation of ''haiske'' is the one commonly used, like agent-trigger voice, indicative present ''tajejū, tajejīð, tajejar...'' (morphemically ''tad-śe-jū...''), benefactive-trigger ''tatkäjū, tatkäjīð, tatkäjar...'' (''tad-käh-jū...'') and so on. | |||
[[Category:A priori]] | [[Category:A priori]] | ||
[[Category:Artlangs]] | [[Category:Artlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||