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Laceyiam: Difference between revisions
→The sixth declension (consonant-stem nouns)
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* ''r-stems ''have two different dissimilations: accusative plural has '''-rl-''' instead of *-rr- (e.g. ''leiðir ''"significant other, girlfriend, boyfriend" > ''leiðirlau''), while translative, essive, and dative plural have '''-lar- '''instead of *-rar- (> ''leiðilariu, leiðilarṇam, leiðilarið''). | * ''r-stems ''have two different dissimilations: accusative plural has '''-rl-''' instead of *-rr- (e.g. ''leiðir ''"significant other, girlfriend, boyfriend" > ''leiðirlau''), while translative, essive, and dative plural have '''-lar- '''instead of *-rar- (> ''leiðilariu, leiðilarṇam, leiðilarið''). | ||
* ''l-stems'' have '''-lss '''instead of *-lass in ergative singular (e.g. ''nūrtāl ''"lake" > ''nūrtālss''). | * ''l-stems'' have '''-lss '''instead of *-lass in ergative singular (e.g. ''nūrtāl ''"lake" > ''nūrtālss''). | ||
===== -nt stems ===== | |||
A particularly important variant of the sixth declension is the one of ''-nt stems'' — all recognizable by their ending in '''-ānat''' in the citation form. This is first of all a common derivational suffix, meaning "something derived from X" or "generated from X" — with this latter meaning it has come to be the main suffix used for the formation of matronymics, which are a mandatory part of the name of any Chlegdarim. | |||
These nouns have an alternation between an ''-ānat'', an ''-antā'', and a ''-ān'' ending: | |||
{| class="article-table" | |||
!kømbānat (berry, fruit) | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
|Direct | |||
|'''kømbānat''' | |||
|kømb'''antai''' | |||
|- | |||
|(Vocative) | |||
|kømb'''āne !''' | |||
|kømb'''antai !''' | |||
|- | |||
|Ergative | |||
|kømb'''antāss''' | |||
|kømb'''antālss''' | |||
|- | |||
|Accusative | |||
|kømb'''antau''' | |||
|kømb'''antārau''' | |||
|- | |||
|Genitive | |||
|kømb'''antāyi''' | |||
|kømb'''antė''' | |||
|- | |||
|Translative | |||
|kømb'''antānam''' | |||
|kømb'''antārṇam''' | |||
|- | |||
|Exessive | |||
|kømb'''antāndra''' | |||
|kømb'''antaivāh''' | |||
|- | |||
|Essive | |||
|kømb'''antāvu''' | |||
|kømb'''antāriu''' | |||
|- | |||
|Dative | |||
|kømb'''antāð''' | |||
|kømb'''antārið''' | |||
|- | |||
|Ablative | |||
|kømb'''antų''' | |||
|kømb'''antąnie''' | |||
|- | |||
|Locative | |||
|kømb'''antāye''' | |||
|kømb'''antailym''' | |||
|} | |||
===== Bithematic nouns ===== | |||
There is a subset of sixth declension nouns which do not fit into the above pattern because they have two different stems, one for the direct singular (and vocative) and one (the ''oblique stem'') for all other forms. These nouns are relics of PCT nouns with hysterokinetic stress: | There is a subset of sixth declension nouns which do not fit into the above pattern because they have two different stems, one for the direct singular (and vocative) and one (the ''oblique stem'') for all other forms. These nouns are relics of PCT nouns with hysterokinetic stress: | ||
* ''khial ''"finger; small tree branch", oblique stem ''kheld-'' | * ''khial ''"finger; small tree branch", oblique stem ''kheld-'' | ||