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|+ '''Proto-X-Wiebic consonants''' | |+ '''Proto-X-Wiebic consonants''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Retroflex !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | !colspan="2"| !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Lateral !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Nasal | !rowspan="2"|Nasal | ||
!<small>plain</small> | !<small>plain</small> | ||
| '''m''' m || '''n''' n || || '''ṇ''' ɳ || '''ŋ''' ŋ || || | | '''m''' m || '''n''' n || || '''ṇ''' ɳ || || '''ŋ''' ŋ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| '''mh''' mʰ || '''nh''' nʰ || || '''ṇh''' ɳʰ | | '''mh''' mʰ || '''nh''' nʰ || || '''ṇh''' ɳʰ || || '''ŋh''' ŋʰ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="4"|Stop | !rowspan="4"|Stop | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| '''p''' p || '''t''' t || || '''ṭ''' ʈ || '''k''' k || '''q''' q || | | '''p''' p || '''t''' t || || '''ṭ''' ʈ || || '''k''' k || '''q''' q || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| '''ph''' pʰ || '''th''' tʰ || || '''ṭh''' ʈʰ || '''kh''' kʰ || '''qh''' qʰ || | | '''ph''' pʰ || '''th''' tʰ || || '''ṭh''' ʈʰ || || '''kh''' kʰ || '''qh''' qʰ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''b''' b || '''d''' d || || '''ḍ''' ɖ || '''g''' g || '''ɢ''' ɢ || | | '''b''' b || '''d''' d || || '''ḍ''' ɖ || || '''g''' g || '''ɢ''' ɢ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>breathy voiced</small> | !<small>breathy voiced</small> | ||
| '''bh''' bʱ || '''dh''' dʱ || || '''ḍh''' ɖʰ || '''gh''' gʱ || '''ɢh''' ɢʰ || | | '''bh''' bʱ || '''dh''' dʱ || || '''ḍh''' ɖʰ || || '''gh''' gʱ || '''ɢh''' ɢʰ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="4"|Affricate | !rowspan="4"|Affricate | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| || '''c''' ts || '''ξ''' tɬ || '''c̣''' ʈʂ || || || | | || '''c''' ts || '''ξ''' tɬ || '''c̣''' ʈʂ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| || '''ch''' tsʰ || '''ξh''' tɬʰ || '''c̣h''' ʈʂʰ || || || | | || '''ch''' tsʰ || '''ξh''' tɬʰ || '''c̣h''' ʈʂʰ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| || '''dz''' dz || '''λ''' dɮ || '''dẓ''' ɖʐ || || || | | || '''dz''' dz || '''λ''' dɮ || '''dẓ''' ɖʐ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>breathy voiced</small> | !<small>breathy voiced</small> | ||
| || '''dzh''' dzʱ || '''λ''' dɮʱ || '''dẓh''' ɖʐʰ || || || | | || '''dzh''' dzʱ || '''λ''' dɮʱ || '''dẓh''' ɖʐʰ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | !rowspan="2"|Fricative | ||
!<small>plain</small> | !<small>plain</small> | ||
| || '''s''' s || '''σ''' ɬ || '''ṣ''' ʂ || || || '''h''' h | | '''f''' f || '''s''' s || '''σ''' ɬ || '''ṣ''' ʂ || '''ś''' ç || || || '''h''' h | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| || '''sh''' sʰ || '''σh''' ɬʰ || '''ṣh''' ʂʰ || || || | | '''fh''' fʰ || '''sh''' sʰ || '''σh''' ɬʰ || '''ṣh''' ʂʰ || '''śh''' çʰ || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"| | !rowspan="2"| Resonants | ||
!<small>plain</small> | !<small>plain</small> | ||
| || '''l''' l || || '''ḷ''' ɭ || || || | | || '''l''' l || || '''ḷ''' ɭ || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>geminate</small> | !<small>geminate</small> | ||
| || '''lh''' lʰ || || '''ḷh''' ɭʰ || || || | | || '''lh''' lʰ || || '''ḷh''' ɭʰ || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
[[Category:Xjeof]][[Category:Mustlup languages]] | |||
Revision as of 21:38, 24 November 2016
for proto-s-wiebic:
what about a GVS (əy > ii > ay > əə > aa > ee and əw > uu > au > oo) in open syllables and another vowel shift (ii ee ay əy)(uu oo aw əw) in closed syllables?
iw > iə and uy > uə as i had before
this is still pre-s-wiebic
(inspired by your first draft of zoomic)
consonant shift: actually, should i use grimm's law for this one and keep ejectives for myuftseezh?
- nīmə "water" > naymə
numbers:
sorry
səyḱ'u > /si:c'u/
kʷ'li > *kʷ'lī > /kʷ'laj/
sqā > /sqa:/ (vowel raising shifts blocked after uvulars)
māwi > /me:wi/
payku > /pə:ku/
hə̄ƛix̌ > /ha:tɬiχ/
c̣ʼəthə̄ > /tʂətta:/
pʼaŋud > /p'aŋud/
ḱ'awń > /c'o:n/
xʷqāx̌ṭʼī > xʷqā̌qṭʼī > xʷqāqṭʼī > /xʷqa:qtaj/
kʷʼə̄cʼiw > /kʷ'a:ts'iə/
cʼiw > /ts'iə/
I'll have to do something with laryngeals - but what
maybe they become breathy voice which makes breathy voiced plosives
ha:tɬiχ > ha:tɬə̤ > ha:dɮʰə
(the vowel shift should depend on the laryngeal)
i love the breathy voice idea
btw I should have more clusters in PM since Dry Icelandic (geminates), Myuftseezh (big clusters) and S-Cuatham (clicks) rely on them
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | plain | m m | n n | ṇ ɳ | ŋ ŋ | ||||
| aspirated | mh mʰ | nh nʰ | ṇh ɳʰ | ŋh ŋʰ | |||||
| Stop | tenuis | p p | t t | ṭ ʈ | k k | q q | |||
| aspirated | ph pʰ | th tʰ | ṭh ʈʰ | kh kʰ | qh qʰ | ||||
| voiced | b b | d d | ḍ ɖ | g g | ɢ ɢ | ||||
| breathy voiced | bh bʱ | dh dʱ | ḍh ɖʰ | gh gʱ | ɢh ɢʰ | ||||
| Affricate | tenuis | c ts | ξ tɬ | c̣ ʈʂ | |||||
| aspirated | ch tsʰ | ξh tɬʰ | c̣h ʈʂʰ | ||||||
| voiced | dz dz | λ dɮ | dẓ ɖʐ | ||||||
| breathy voiced | dzh dzʱ | λ dɮʱ | dẓh ɖʐʰ | ||||||
| Fricative | plain | f f | s s | σ ɬ | ṣ ʂ | ś ç | h h | ||
| aspirated | fh fʰ | sh sʰ | σh ɬʰ | ṣh ʂʰ | śh çʰ | ||||
| Resonants | plain | l l | ḷ ɭ | ||||||
| geminate | lh lʰ | ḷh ɭʰ | |||||||