Literature talk:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3: Difference between revisions
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*Final ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to approximants ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' before a suffix beginning with a consonant (unless any assimilation is applied first). | *Final ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to approximants ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' before a suffix beginning with a consonant (unless any assimilation is applied first). | ||
*Suffixes beginning with ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' after a final vowel. | *Suffixes beginning with ''b, d, ḑ, g'' are lenited to ''v, d̆, r, ğ'' after a final vowel. | ||
*When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is '' | *When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is ''y''. | ||
Here are the major noun clitics: | Here are the major noun clitics: | ||
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**''medıļ'' /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative) | **''medıļ'' /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative) | ||
**''suḑuļ'' /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative) | **''suḑuļ'' /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative) | ||
**'' | **''ŋωyuļ'' /ŋɔjuɭ/ = head (accusative) | ||
*''-mAy'' = locative | *''-mAy'' = locative | ||
**''virė'' /wiɹe/ = sea; ''virėmȧy'' /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea | **''virė'' /wiɹe/ = sea; ''virėmȧy'' /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea | ||
Revision as of 20:13, 25 December 2016
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 /bələn/ is a "CW-complex" language spoken in eastern Cuadhlabh. It's inspired by Turkish, Vietnamese and an older draft of Ancient Wiebian.
Todo
Notes
- A = one of the vowels ȧ/a/ω
- O = one of the vowels ė/e/o
- U = one of the vowels i/ı/u
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Medial | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ņ /ɲˁ~ɳ/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | ț /cˤ~ʈ/ | k /c~k/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | ḑ /ɟˤ~ɖ/ | g /ɟ~ɡ/ | ||||
| Fricative | f /f/ | t̆ /θ/ | s /s/ | ș /çˤ~ʂ/ | x /ç~x/ | h /h/ | ||
| Approximant | lateral | l /l/ | ļ /ʎˁ~ɭ/ | |||||
| central | w /β̞~w/ | d̆ /ð̞/ | y /j/ | r /jˤ~ɻ/ | ğ /ɣ̞~ɰ/ | |||
- Notes
- Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated.
- The medial consonants /ɲˁ, cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, ʎˁ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and may be retroflex or sulcalized retroflex [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɭ, ɻ] or pharyngealized pre-velar/"bunched" [ŋ̟ˁ, k̟ˤ, g̟ˤ, x̟ˤ, ʟ̟ˁ, ɹ̈]. The medial consonants are principally characterized by a low third formant (F3).
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | ı /ɨ~ɯ/ | u /u/ |
| Close-mid | ė /e/ | e /ə~ɤ/ | o /o/ |
| Open-mid/Open | ȧ /æ~ɛ/ | a /ä/ | ω /ɒ~ɔ/ |
Belen has vowel harmony with front vowels (i ė ȧ), central vowels (ı e a), and back vowels (u o ω).
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
- /l ɭ ɻ/ are not allowed in onset position.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 is topic-prominent, like Japanese and Korean.
- Final b, d, ḑ, g are lenited to approximants v, d̆, r, ğ before a suffix beginning with a consonant (unless any assimilation is applied first).
- Suffixes beginning with b, d, ḑ, g are lenited to v, d̆, r, ğ after a final vowel.
- When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is y.
Here are the major noun clitics:
- -nUm = plural (-ņ, -ț + -nUm > -ņņUm, -țņUm)
- nȧx /nɛx/ = person, nȧxnim /nɛxnim/ = people
- med /məd/ = house, med̆nım /məð̞nɨm/ = houses
- suḑ /suɖ/ = woman, surnum /suɹnum/ = women
- ŋω /ŋɔ/ = head > ŋωnum /ŋɔnum/ = heads
- -dO/-d̆O = topic marker (-t, -ņ, -ḑ, -ț, -ļ + -dO > -ttO, -ņḑO, -ḑḑO, -ţţO, -ļḑO)
- nȧxdė /nɛxde/ = as for the person
- medde /məddə/ = as for the house
- suḑḑo /suɖɖo/ = as for the woman
- ŋωd̆o /ŋɔð̞o/ = as for the head
- -Uļ = accusative
- nȧxiļ /nɛxiɭ/ = person (accusative)
- medıļ /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative)
- suḑuļ /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative)
- ŋωyuļ /ŋɔjuɭ/ = head (accusative)
- -mAy = locative
- virė /wiɹe/ = sea; virėmȧy /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea
- med̆may /məð̞maj/ = in/at the house
- xωtmωy /xɔtmɔj/ = in the room
- -vOn = dative
- nȧxvėn /nɛxwen/ = for the person
- eşven /əʂwən/ = for the daughter
- suḑvon /suɖwon/ = for the woman
Pronouns
aŋ, gıs, mi, aŋnım, gısnım, minim
Adjectives
Verbs
Numerals
- 1: kı /kɨ/
- 2: goș /goʂ/
- 3: wildė /wilde/
- 4: alm /alm/
- 5: ḑerg /ɖəɻg/
- 6: nȧy /nɛj/
- 7: ark /aɻk/
- 8: t̆ıņț /θɨɳʈ/
- 9: hωm /hɔm/
- 10: bıņ /bɨɳ/
- 11: șur /ʂuɻ/
- 12: fert /fəɻt/
- 13: fert kı /fəɻt kɨ/
- 14: fert goș /fəɻt goʂ/
...
- 24: ņωx /ɳɔx/
- 36: tifėn /tifen/
- 48: xef /xəf/
- 60: nisėb /niseb/
- 72: jȧm /jɛm/
- 84: arked /aɻkəd/
- 96: t̆ıņțed /θɨɳʈəd/
- 108: hωmod /hɔmod/
- 120: bıņed /bɨɳəd/
- 132: șurod /ʂuɻod/
- 144: kulb /kulb/
Syntax
Belen syntax is mostly shared with the larger CW-complex sprachbund. Unusually for a CW-complex language, it is topic-prominent.