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'''Proto-Pfeunic''' is the common ancestor to [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]], one of the largest branches of the [[Quihum languages]]. | '''Proto-Pfeunic''' is the common ancestor to [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]], one of the largest branches of the [[Quihum languages]]. | ||
==Diachronic sketch== | ==Diachronic sketch== | ||
#q, qʷ > k, kʷ | |||
#a ə i u > e a i u (before laryngeals vocalize) | |||
#laryngeal reflexes: | |||
**ax, ex, ix, ux > ē ē ī ū | **ax, ex, ix, ux > ē, ē, ī, ū | ||
**ax̌, ex̌, ix̌, ux̌ > ā ā ē ō | **ax̌, ex̌, ix̌, ux̌ > ā, ā, ē, ō | ||
**axʷ, exʷ, ixʷ, uxʷ > ō, ō, iw, ū | |||
**ax̌ʷ, ex̌ʷ, ix̌ʷ, ux̌ʷ > ā, ō, ew, ō | |||
*root voice assimilation: a plain stop (unless following ''s'') is assimilated to a voiced stop within a root | *root voice assimilation: a plain stop (unless following ''s'') is assimilated to a voiced stop within a root | ||
**"An additional constraint prohibited roots containing both a voiced aspirated and a voiceless plosive (**tebʰ-), unless the latter occurs in a word-initial cluster after an *s (e.g. *stebʰ- 'to stiffen'). Taken together with the abundance of *DʰeDʰ-type roots, it has been proposed that this distribution results from a limited process of voice assimilation in pre-PIE, where a voiceless stop was assimilated to a voiced aspirate, if another one followed or preceded within a root." | **"An additional constraint prohibited roots containing both a voiced aspirated and a voiceless plosive (**tebʰ-), unless the latter occurs in a word-initial cluster after an *s (e.g. *stebʰ- 'to stiffen'). Taken together with the abundance of *DʰeDʰ-type roots, it has been proposed that this distribution results from a limited process of voice assimilation in pre-PIE, where a voiceless stop was assimilated to a voiced aspirate, if another one followed or preceded within a root." | ||
Revision as of 22:32, 15 January 2017
Proto-Pfeunic is the common ancestor to Pfeunic, one of the largest branches of the Quihum languages.
Diachronic sketch
- q, qʷ > k, kʷ
- a ə i u > e a i u (before laryngeals vocalize)
- laryngeal reflexes:
- ax, ex, ix, ux > ē, ē, ī, ū
- ax̌, ex̌, ix̌, ux̌ > ā, ā, ē, ō
- axʷ, exʷ, ixʷ, uxʷ > ō, ō, iw, ū
- ax̌ʷ, ex̌ʷ, ix̌ʷ, ux̌ʷ > ā, ō, ew, ō
- root voice assimilation: a plain stop (unless following s) is assimilated to a voiced stop within a root
- "An additional constraint prohibited roots containing both a voiced aspirated and a voiceless plosive (**tebʰ-), unless the latter occurs in a word-initial cluster after an *s (e.g. *stebʰ- 'to stiffen'). Taken together with the abundance of *DʰeDʰ-type roots, it has been proposed that this distribution results from a limited process of voice assimilation in pre-PIE, where a voiceless stop was assimilated to a voiced aspirate, if another one followed or preceded within a root."
- l > r; lʼ, ł > l
- mC, nC, lC, rC > um, un, ul, ur (word-initially)
- s > s/z?
- z, n', l > r
- -sm-, -sn-, -sl-, -sr- > mm, nn, ll, rr
- -łm-, -łn- > lm, ll
- -ł > -:
- m'-, w' > wr-?
- What if some z c c' become PPf dentals (d t þ)?
- PQ sc > PPf st
- Grimm's law!
- Verner's law!
- e > i before nasals, and in unstressed syllables (except before r)
Phonology
Consonants
Similar to PGmc, with addition of ŧ, đ, ŝ /tɬ, dɮ, ɧ/.
Vowels
Vocalism should be similar to PGmc.