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Hlou-Shum languages: Difference between revisions
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[[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | [[Xaetjeon/Lexicon]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' / | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' /ˈɮɛtʃɑn/ ({{PAGENAME}}: ''beyghne Etjan'' /ˈpɛjɣnɛ ˈɛtʃʰɑn/) is a [[Naquic languages|Naquic language]] inspired by Praimhín's [[Rencadian]]. It is a modern descendant of [[Naquian]]. | ||
Main sources of loanwords: | Main sources of loanwords: | ||
*Thensarian | *Thensarian | ||
* | *Tíogall | ||
*Nurian | *Nurian | ||
*Some from Naquian | *Some from Naquian | ||
Numbers 1-12: | Numbers 1-12: bev, diho, nätj-L, tσov, dzäwa, bel-L, oth, losath, bäs-L, geyo, däv, dädha-L (multiples of 3 lenite the following noun!) | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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!rowspan="2"|Stop | !rowspan="2"|Stop | ||
!<small>tenuis</small> | !<small>tenuis</small> | ||
| '''b''' /p/ || '''d''' /t/ || '''dz''' /ts/ || ''' | | '''b''' /p/ || '''d''' /t/ || '''dz''' /ts/ || '''dλ''' /tɬ/ || '''dj''' /tʃ/ || '''g''' /k/|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| '''p''' /pʰ/ || '''t''' /tʰ/ || '''ts''' /tsʰ/ || ''' | | '''p''' /pʰ/ || '''t''' /tʰ/ || '''ts''' /tsʰ/ || '''tσ''' /tɬʰ/ || '''tj''' /tʃʰ/ || '''c''' /kʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | !rowspan="2"|Fricative | ||
!<small>voiceless</small> | !<small>voiceless</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f/ || '''th''' /θ/|| '''s''' /s/ || ''' | | '''f''' /f/ || '''th''' /θ/|| '''s''' /s/ || '''σ''' /ɬ/|| '''sj''' /ʃ/ || '''ch''' /x/ || '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>voiced</small> | !<small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''v''' /v/ || '''dh''' /ð/|| '''z''' /z/|| ''' | | '''v''' /v/ || '''dh''' /ð/|| '''z''' /z/|| '''λ''' /ɮ/ || '''zj''' /ʒ/ || '''gh''' /ɣ/|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| Approximant | !colspan="2"| Approximant | ||
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! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| '''i''' /ɪ/ | | '''i''' /ɪ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ũ''' /ɨ/ | ||
| '''u''' /ʊ/ | | '''u''' /ʊ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
| ''' | | '''e''' /ɛ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''o''' /ɔ/ | | '''o''' /ɔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
| ''' | | '''ä''' /æ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''a''' /ɑ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*/ɨ/ is near-close central [ɨ̞]. | */ɨ/ is near-close central [ɨ̞]. | ||
===Mutations=== | ===Mutations=== | ||
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Xaetjeon nouns could be said to have two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the definite form of the noun. | Xaetjeon nouns could be said to have two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the definite form of the noun. | ||
''- | ''-ma, -ne, -nũ'' < ''ixmi, hinē, hinuoz'' | ||
{| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | {| class="greentable lightgreenbg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5"| ''''' | ! colspan="5"| '''''bä'' - person''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"| | !rowspan="2"| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
|| '' | || ''bä'' || ''bäma'' || ''bänae'' || ''bänũ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
|| ''-'' || ''-'' || '' | || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''väne'' || ''vänũ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying indefinite feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) undergo lenition. | Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying indefinite feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) undergo lenition. | ||
:''''' | :'''''bä sawän''''' | ||
:''a small person'' | :''a small person'' | ||
:'''''miv | :'''''miv hawän''''' | ||
:''a small house'' | :''a small house'' | ||
However, the suffixes ''- | However, the suffixes ''-ne'' and ''-ma'' always lenite the following noun: | ||
:''''' | :'''''bäne hawän''''' | ||
:''the small person'' | :''the small person'' | ||
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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
===Prepositions and conjunctions=== | ===Prepositions and conjunctions=== | ||
*'' | *''tja-L'' = and | ||
*'' | *''ma-L'' = of | ||
*'' | *''da-L'' = at | ||
*'' | *''ye-L'' = to | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|'' | |''na-L, ni-L'' | ||
|'' | |''äw-L, mi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|'' | |''va-L, bi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|'' | |''tha-L, ti-L'' | ||
|'' | |''za-L, dzi-L'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|colspan="2"|'' | |colspan="2"|''wa-L, wi-L'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''-( | |''-(a)n'' | ||
|''-waegh'' | |''-waegh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
|''-'' | |''-'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(a)d'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''-0, - | |''-0, -ä, -e, -o'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(a)b'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''-( | |''-(a)z'' | ||
|''-( | |''-(a)σ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''- | |''-ne'' | ||
|''- | |''-we'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|2 | !|2 | ||
|''- | |''-e'' | ||
|''-zo'' | |''-zo'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''- | |''-ze'' | ||
|''- | |''-λe'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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!|1.ex | !|1.ex | ||
|''cin'' | |''cin'' | ||
|'' | |''ciwegh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|1.in | !|1.in | ||
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!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''ciz'' | |''ciz'' | ||
|'' | |''ciσ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
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==Phrasebook== | ==Phrasebook== | ||
*''Lon | *''Lon Λetjvä.'' = I am a Xaetjeon person. | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||