User:Frrurtu/Sandbox

Old Gaju
Gachu
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|'gaɟu]]
Created by	–
Setting	Rttirria
Native to	East Rttirria
Language family	Rttirrian South Rttirrian Old Gaju

Old Gaju (English: /'gɑːd͡ʒuː/, Old Gaju: ['gaɟu], Rttirri: [ˈkɑcu]) was an old form of the Gaju language, spoken by the Gaju people in eastern Rttirria. It was spoken over a much larger area than modern Gaju is: over most of eastern Rttirria. It is a member of the Rttirrian language family, descended from the Proto-South-Rttirrian langauge that is also the ancestor of modern Rttirri, the nation's official language.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m /m/	n /n/	ny /ɲ/
Plosive	p /p/ b /b/	t /t/ d /d/	ty /c/ j /ɟ/	k /k/ g /g/
Fricative	f /f/ v /v/	s /s/ sh /ʃ/	sy /ç/	kh /x/	h /h/
Affricate		ts /t͡s/ ch /t͡ʃ/
Approximant	w /w/	l /l/	y /j/

In addition, the following consonants were allowed in loanwords: ng /ŋ/, z /z/, th /θ/, dh /ð/, hh /ʔ/.

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i /i/	u /u/
Mid	e /e/	o /o/
Low	a /a/	aa /ɑ/

Old Gaju distinguished two tones: high and low. In addition, two contour tones were allowed in loanwords: rising and falling. |}

Grammar

Verbs

The Old Gaju verb was somewhat agglutinative, but did not have the inflectional complexity that had developed in Classical Rttirri by this point. However, an aspect and politeness system, which have not existed in any form of Rttirri, developed from the Proto-South-Rttirrian evidentiality system.

Verb Slot	Allowable Inputs
Aspect/Politeness	na- (perfective) nye- (polite perfective) su- (habitual) sya- (polite habitual)
Mood	-sya- (optative) -ppa- (adhortative) -nai- (subjunctive) -kanai- (conditional) -kka- (imperative) -kamumu- (generic)
Tense	-pu/tu/rtu/tyu- (past) -mi/ni/rni/nyi- (future)
Verb Root (†) + Question Infix	any verb
Auxiliary Verb	-kaki- ("to be able to") -kau- ("to want to") -rtika- ("to like to") and others

Nouns

Nouns could take the following cases:

Case	Suffix
nominative	(none)
accusative	(none)
dative	-kka
ablative	-hha
locative	-ri
comitative	-rta
instrumental	-rratye
vocative	-chatta

Pronouns

The following pronouns were used, but were not affixed to the verb:

Verb Slot	Allowable Inputs
Nominative	na (I) ke (you) wa (he/she/it) ma (we) ta (you all) rta (they)
Accusative	ni (me) ki (you) ge (him/her/it) mi (us) ti (you all) hhi (them)

Syntax

Word order was subject-object-verb (SOV).

The question particle was syi.